作(zuo)者：郭君平（中國農(nong)業科學院農(nong)業經濟與發展研(yan)究所研(yan)究員）

　　產業旺、久穩機制農民富則鄉村興。聯農推動鄉村產業振興，興業要緊緊圍繞發展現代農業，富民圍繞農村一二三產業融合發展，久穩機制構建鄉村產業體系，聯農快3百姓彩票特別要完善聯農帶農機制，興業讓農民合理分享全產業鏈增值收益。富民去年年底召開的久穩機制中央農村工作會議明確提出“完善聯農帶農機制，實施農民增收促進行動”。聯農今年中央一號文件進一步要求“強化產業發展聯農帶農，興業健全新型農業經營主體和涉農企業扶持政策與帶動農戶增收掛鉤機制”。富民百姓彩票大廳聯農帶農機制是久穩機制提升鄉村產業發展水平、促進農民持續穩定增收的聯農重要牽引。建立健全“帶得久、興業帶得穩、帶得實”的產業聯農帶農機制，形成新型農業經營主體與農戶在產業鏈上優勢互補、分工合作的良好格局，有助于推動農業價值鏈向中高端邁進，讓農民獲得更多增值收益和就業機會，進而實現產業興旺、農民富裕。百姓彩票官網登錄

　　一般而言，持久、穩定、篤實的(de)產業聯農(nong)帶農(nong)機(ji)制(zhi)，需要主(zhu)體培(pei)育機(ji)制(zhi)、利益聯結機(ji)制(zhi)和約束(shu)激勵(li)機(ji)制(zhi)等(deng)有(you)機(ji)協調、共同作用。其中，主(zhu)體培(pei)育機(ji)制(zhi)是(shi)基礎，利益聯結機(ji)制(zhi)是(shi)核心，約束(shu)激勵(li)機(ji)制(zhi)是(shi)保障(zhang)，三者缺一不可。

　　健全主體培育機制，確保“帶得久”

　　新(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)化聯(lian)合(he)(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)是聯(lian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，其生命周期長短和(he)實力(li)強(qiang)弱在較大(da)程度上影響了聯(lian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)的(de)(de)持(chi)久性。為(wei)(wei)夯實產業(ye)(ye)(ye)聯(lian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)的(de)(de)基礎，一(yi)方(fang)面圍繞幫助農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)、提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)、富裕農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)這一(yi)主(zhu)線(xian)，著力(li)培育(yu)壯(zhuang)大(da)龍(long)頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社、家庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)戶等新(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)，聚(ju)合(he)(he)(he)財政(zheng)稅收、基礎設(she)施(shi)、金融(rong)信貸、保(bao)險支(zhi)持(chi)、營(ying)(ying)銷市(shi)場以(yi)及(ji)(ji)人才培養引進等方(fang)面的(de)(de)政(zheng)策資源要素，引導新(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)多(duo)路(lu)徑提升(sheng)規模(mo)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)水平、多(duo)形(xing)式提高發(fa)展質量以(yi)及(ji)(ji)多(duo)層(ceng)次增強(qiang)輻(fu)射(she)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)動能力(li)；另一(yi)方(fang)面，發(fa)揮各類新(xin)型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)獨特(te)優勢(shi)，以(yi)分工(gong)(gong)協(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)前提，以(yi)規模(mo)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)為(wei)(wei)依托(tuo)，以(yi)利(li)益聯(lian)結(jie)為(wei)(wei)紐(niu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)，因地制宜(yi)培育(yu)一(yi)批多(duo)元主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)融(rong)合(he)(he)(he)、綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)競爭力(li)強(qiang)、穩定可持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)展的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)化聯(lian)合(he)(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)加工(gong)(gong)流通(tong)(tong)延鏈、科技創(chuang)新(xin)補鏈、要素聚(ju)集壯(zhuang)鏈以(yi)及(ji)(ji)業(ye)(ye)(ye)態創(chuang)新(xin)優鏈，提升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)全產業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈現(xian)代化水平，推(tui)動小(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶與現(xian)代化大(da)生產、大(da)流通(tong)(tong)、大(da)市(shi)場有機銜接。

　　完善利益聯結機制，確保“帶得穩”

　　新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)主體(ti)(ti)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)之間利(li)益聯(lian)結(jie)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)關(guan)(guan)乎合作(zuo)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性。地方(fang)(fang)(fang)可(ke)根(gen)據農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)自身條(tiao)件(jian)和增收致富(fu)需求(qiu)選擇合適的(de)聯(lian)結(jie)紐(niu)帶，按照互利(li)共贏的(de)原則(ze)，確定(ding)新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)主體(ti)(ti)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)的(de)利(li)益分配(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，保(bao)(bao)證新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)主體(ti)(ti)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)的(de)合作(zuo)質量，即鼓勵新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)主體(ti)(ti)堅持因戶(hu)施策、分類(lei)聯(lian)帶。一是以(yi)(yi)“保(bao)(bao)底收益+按股(gu)(gu)分紅(hong)”的(de)分配(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)開展股(gu)(gu)份聯(lian)結(jie)，吸引農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)以(yi)(yi)土地經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)權(quan)、自有(you)設(she)施設(she)備或(huo)(huo)(huo)折(zhe)股(gu)(gu)量化到戶(hu)的(de)集體(ti)(ti)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)等(deng)入(ru)股(gu)(gu)；二(er)是以(yi)(yi)“保(bao)(bao)底價+市場價上浮”的(de)分配(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)開展訂單(dan)聯(lian)結(jie)，與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)簽訂長期(qi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品購銷(xiao)合同，形成穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)購銷(xiao)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)；三(san)是以(yi)(yi)固定(ding)的(de)合理工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)水平(ping)或(huo)(huo)(huo)“保(bao)(bao)底工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)+超產(chan)(chan)(chan)分成”的(de)分配(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)開展勞務聯(lian)結(jie)，吸納農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)長期(qi)就業或(huo)(huo)(huo)季(ji)節性務工(gong)；四是以(yi)(yi)優惠或(huo)(huo)(huo)免收服(fu)務費用的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)開展服(fu)務聯(lian)結(jie)，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)提供農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)供應(ying)、技術指導、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品營(ying)(ying)(ying)銷(xiao)、倉(cang)儲物流、訂金(jin)預付或(huo)(huo)(huo)貸款(kuan)擔保(bao)(bao)等(deng)各(ge)類(lei)服(fu)務；五(wu)是以(yi)(yi)實(shi)物計租(zu)(zu)貨幣(bi)結(jie)算、租(zu)(zu)金(jin)動態調整等(deng)計價方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)開展租(zu)(zu)賃聯(lian)結(jie)，租(zu)(zu)賃農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)的(de)低效閑置資(zi)(zi)(zi)源資(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)以(yi)(yi)優惠費用的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)將生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)設(she)施設(she)備租(zu)(zu)賃給農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)。

　　強化約束激勵機制，確保“帶得實”

　　為(wei)保障新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業經(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)建立利益共享(xiang)、風險共擔的雙贏(ying)或(huo)多贏(ying)命(ming)運共同體(ti)，需以(yi)約(yue)束利益主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)、維護合(he)作(zuo)關系(xi)的制(zhi)度性(xing)安排推動各項(xiang)要求(qiu)落(luo)實落(luo)地。一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面，加強合(he)同履(lv)約(yue)管理(li)。制(zhi)定和(he)(he)推行相關合(he)同示范(fan)文本，規范(fan)合(he)同格式和(he)(he)簽訂(ding)程序，增強新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業經(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)的契約(yue)意識和(he)(he)法(fa)律(lv)意識。另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面，強化(hua)激(ji)勵鞭策(ce)作(zuo)用。鼓勵地方(fang)行業主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管部門制(zhi)定聯(lian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)帶農(nong)(nong)(nong)標準(zhun)和(he)(he)操作(zuo)流程，完善聯(lian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)帶農(nong)(nong)(nong)工作(zuo)臺賬，將新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業經(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)的聯(lian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)帶農(nong)(nong)(nong)能力和(he)(he)效益作(zuo)為(wei)享(xiang)受優惠政策(ce)的前提條件或(huo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)標準(zhun)，對履(lv)約(yue)效果(guo)良好的新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業經(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)予以(yi)表揚獎勵或(huo)加大扶持力度，對未能履(lv)行約(yue)定或(huo)帶動效果(guo)差的經(jing)(jing)營(ying)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)，取消相關政策(ce)扶持并督促整(zheng)改。

　　《日報》（2024年04月24日?05版）