【觀察與思考】

　　作者：趙林、圍繞(rao)詹新宇（分別系北京工商大學(xue)經濟學(xue)院講師，發展(zhan)經濟學(xue)院執行院長(chang)、新質特聘教授）

　　習近平總書記在主持中共中央政治局第十一次集體學習時強調，生產“要圍繞發展新質生產力布局產業鏈，力布提升產業鏈供應鏈韌性和安全水平”。局產百姓彩票怎么買今年的業鏈《政府工作報告》將“大力推進現代化產業體系建設，加快發展新質生產力”列為2024年十項工作任務首位，圍繞就“推動產業鏈供應鏈優化升級”作出進一步部署。發展當前，新質我國經濟正處于高質量發展的生產關鍵時期，圍繞發展新質生產力布局產業鏈、力布提升產業鏈供應鏈韌性和安全水平，局產既是業鏈強化國家經濟安全的重要保障，更是圍繞加快發展新質生產力的內在要求和必然選擇。針對加快發展新質生產力的相關要求，應在以下方面加快產業鏈布局。百姓彩票網

　　促進關鍵領域的技術創新與應用，實現產業鏈關鍵核心技術自主可控。這與新質生產力的核心驅動力——科技創新高度契合。以科技創新推動產業鏈關鍵核心技術自主可控，是提升產業鏈供應鏈韌性和安全水平的關鍵。作為世界第二大經濟體，我國亟須加大對芯片制造、人工智能、量子信息、生物技術等前沿領域的研發投入，圍繞新質生產力全面推進科技創新，暢通創新鏈、產業鏈和供應鏈，實現創新技術成果的有效轉化和廣泛應用，降低關鍵原材料和技術的外部依賴，增強產業鏈供應鏈韌性和安全水平，百姓彩票紅使我國在全(quan)球(qiu)產(chan)(chan)業鏈供應鏈中占(zhan)據更有利的競(jing)爭(zheng)地位，對于(yu)推動新質生產(chan)(chan)力發展具有重(zhong)要意義。

　　推動數(shu)(shu)(shu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)轉型(xing)(xing)，促(cu)進產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)高(gao)效協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)效率(lv)(lv)是(shi)衡(heng)量產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)韌性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵指標，也(ye)是(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)現代化(hua)水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要體現。在數(shu)(shu)(shu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)轉型(xing)(xing)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，首先，需要構建統一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據平(ping)臺(tai)，通過(guo)(guo)標準化(hua)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息收集與處(chu)理流程(cheng)，確保(bao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據準確性和(he)(he)(he)實(shi)時(shi)(shi)性，為基于(yu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據驅動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)決策提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)支(zhi)持。其次，強(qiang)化(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)上下游之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息互(hu)通和(he)(he)(he)資(zi)源(yuan)共享(xiang)，利用云(yun)平(ping)臺(tai)和(he)(he)(he)大(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據技(ji)(ji)術，打(da)造開放、協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生態(tai)系統，促(cu)進產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)內(nei)部(bu)高(gao)效配合(he)，靈活應(ying)(ying)對市場變化(hua)。最(zui)后，通過(guo)(guo)集成應(ying)(ying)用物(wu)(wu)(wu)聯(lian)網、云(yun)計(ji)(ji)算、人(ren)工智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)等數(shu)(shu)(shu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)技(ji)(ji)術構建智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧型(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，顯著提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)效率(lv)(lv)，助(zhu)力(li)實(shi)現資(zi)源(yuan)配置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)效優化(hua)。例如，利用物(wu)(wu)(wu)聯(lian)網技(ji)(ji)術實(shi)時(shi)(shi)監控貨物(wu)(wu)(wu)流轉狀(zhuang)態(tai)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)大(da)幅提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流透明度(du)和(he)(he)(he)追蹤能(neng)力(li)；依托云(yun)計(ji)(ji)算的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)大(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據處(chu)理能(neng)力(li)，實(shi)現產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)各環節信息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)即時(shi)(shi)共享(xiang)和(he)(he)(he)決策協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)；運(yun)用機(ji)器學習優化(hua)運(yun)輸路線、預測風(feng)險，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈活性和(he)(he)(he)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)速度(du)；運(yun)用智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)機(ji)器人(ren)技(ji)(ji)術自動揀選裝載貨物(wu)(wu)(wu)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)降低人(ren)力(li)成本和(he)(he)(he)錯誤(wu)率(lv)(lv)、提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)效率(lv)(lv)。通過(guo)(guo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)轉型(xing)(xing)提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)協(xie)(xie)同(tong)(tong)效率(lv)(lv)，不僅(jin)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)降低生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)運(yun)營中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險與成本，還能(neng)夠(gou)促(cu)進產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)升(sheng)(sheng)級，增強(qiang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)競爭(zheng)力(li)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)韌性和(he)(he)(he)安全(quan)水平(ping)，為培育新質生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)夯實(shi)基礎(chu)。

　　推(tui)動(dong)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)可(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，提(ti)升產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈供(gong)(gong)應鏈的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)適應性和(he)資源利(li)用(yong)(yong)效率(lv)。新質生產(chan)(chan)(chan)力本身就是(shi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)力。通過(guo)開發(fa)(fa)和(he)推(tui)廣綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)技術，如可(ke)再(zai)生能源、節(jie)能環(huan)(huan)保材(cai)料、清潔(jie)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)技術等，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)循環(huan)(huan)經(jing)濟(ji)，減(jian)少(shao)對傳統(tong)化(hua)石能源的(de)(de)(de)依賴(lai)，降(jiang)低溫(wen)室氣體(ti)排放，促(cu)進實現(xian)資源的(de)(de)(de)高效利(li)用(yong)(yong)和(he)循環(huan)(huan)再(zai)利(li)用(yong)(yong)。通過(guo)推(tui)進產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)結構(gou)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)轉型(xing)，如發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)制造(zao)、綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)建筑(zhu)和(he)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)交通等，優化(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)布局，從源頭減(jian)少(shao)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)污染，提(ti)升經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性和(he)持(chi)續性。此外，綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)不僅體(ti)現(xian)在生產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品本身的(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)化(hua)，還包括企(qi)業(ye)(ye)管理和(he)整(zheng)個供(gong)(gong)應鏈物流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)運作模式，如采用(yong)(yong)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)友好的(de)(de)(de)物流(liu)和(he)包裝(zhuang)，實施綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)采購政策，鼓勵消費者選擇綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品等。通過(guo)推(tui)動(dong)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)可(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，構(gou)建綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈供(gong)(gong)應鏈，可(ke)以(yi)增(zeng)強產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈供(gong)(gong)應鏈面對環(huan)(huan)境(jing)變(bian)化(hua)時的(de)(de)(de)韌(ren)性，推(tui)動(dong)經(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)化(hua)、低碳化(hua)，助力實現(xian)碳達峰碳中(zhong)和(he)目(mu)標。

　　加快(kuai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)合(he)與新(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)態(tai)培育(yu)，增(zeng)強(qiang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)靈(ling)活(huo)性(xing)和(he)適應性(xing)。推動產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)交叉融(rong)合(he)，整合(he)不同產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)信息(xi)、資源和(he)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，培育(yu)新(xin)材料(liao)、新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源、先進(jin)制造等(deng)戰略性(xing)新(xin)興產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，催(cui)生(sheng)共(gong)享(xiang)經濟、平臺經濟等(deng)新(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)態(tai)和(he)新(xin)模式，是提(ti)升產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)韌性(xing)的(de)重要內容。例如，智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)制造的(de)新(xin)理念正是來源于人工智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)、5G、大數據等(deng)新(xin)一代信息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)與制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)深度融(rong)合(he)，這種融(rong)合(he)推動制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)向數字化(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)、服務化(hua)方向轉型，促進(jin)提(ti)升生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)效率和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量，降低運(yun)營成(cheng)本。不僅如此(ci)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)合(he)與新(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)態(tai)的(de)發展也能(neng)(neng)為傳統產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)轉型升級提(ti)供(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)支持(chi)、創造新(xin)的(de)市(shi)場機遇，使其在創新(xin)中找到(dao)增(zeng)長點，從而增(zeng)強(qiang)整個(ge)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)競爭力和(he)抗風(feng)險能(neng)(neng)力。通過加快(kuai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)融(rong)合(he)與新(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)態(tai)培育(yu)，新(xin)興產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)壯大與傳統產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型將形成(cheng)合(he)力，共(gong)同強(qiang)化(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)韌性(xing)，豐富新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力的(de)內涵和(he)外(wai)延。

　　建立有(you)效的應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)管理和(he)(he)災(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)恢復(fu)機(ji)制(zhi)，提(ti)高產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)對外部風(feng)險的抵(di)御能(neng)力(li)和(he)(he)恢復(fu)能(neng)力(li)。近年來，貿易保(bao)護、地緣(yuan)政治(zhi)等外部沖突對我國(guo)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)的穩定性構成較大威脅，自(zi)然災(zai)(zai)(zai)害和(he)(he)公共衛(wei)生(sheng)事件也暴露出我國(guo)既有(you)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)存在的短板。為此，應(ying)(ying)(ying)通(tong)(tong)過完善應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)管理體制(zhi)，加(jia)強應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)資源配置，提(ti)高應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)響應(ying)(ying)(ying)速(su)度，促(cu)進關鍵信息的快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)共享。同時，強化(hua)災(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)恢復(fu)機(ji)制(zhi)，提(ti)高產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)災(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)恢復(fu)能(neng)力(li)，如(ru)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)修復(fu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)設施、保(bao)障關鍵產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)的連(lian)續(xu)性和(he)(he)穩定性、實(shi)(shi)施靈活的供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管理策略等。通(tong)(tong)過建立有(you)效應(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)管理和(he)(he)災(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)恢復(fu)機(ji)制(zhi)，提(ti)升產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)韌性，可(ke)以為國(guo)民經濟平穩健康發展、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)活有(you)序運行、新質生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)培育提(ti)供堅實(shi)(shi)保(bao)障。

　　（本文系研究闡釋黨的二十大精神國家社會科學基金重大項目“以高質量發展推進現代化建設的核心要求與制度保障研究”階段性成果）

　　《日報》（2024年04月09日?11版(ban)）