作(zuo)者：廖(liao)小(xiao)平（湖南省(sheng)當代馬克思(si)主義研究(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)心(xin)研究(jiu)(jiu)員(yuan)、中(zhong)國中(zhong)南林業科技大學教授）

　　“中國式現代化，式現是代化的共中國共產黨領導的社會主義現代化，既有各國現代化的同性共同特征，更有基于自己國情的倫理中國特色。”中國式現代化的基礎百姓彩票最新網址中(zhong)(zhong)國特色，既由中(zhong)(zhong)國式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國本質內涵和(he)本質要求所(suo)規定(ding)，還以中(zhong)(zhong)國式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)“共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)性倫(lun)理”為(wei)底色。共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)性倫(lun)理是代(dai)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)基(ji)(ji)于共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信念、共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)性夢想、共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)倫(lun)理文化、共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)價值、共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國命運等(deng)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)性并協調和(he)處理共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體內部成員及共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)體之間倫(lun)理關(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)倫(lun)理。共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)性倫(lun)理為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化奠定(ding)了(le)堅實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)式(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)倫(lun)理基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)。

　　共識倫理

　　中國式現代化(hua)是代化(hua)的(de)共人口規(gui)(gui)模(mo)巨大(da)的(de)現代化(hua)。人口規(gui)(gui)模(mo)巨大(da)的(de)中國式現代化(hua)不僅(jin)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)中國意(yi)義(yi)(yi)，而且(qie)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)世界意(yi)義(yi)(yi)；不僅(jin)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)人口學的(de)意(yi)義(yi)(yi)，而且(qie)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)倫(lun)理學意(yi)義(yi)(yi)。其倫(lun)理學意(yi)義(yi)(yi)就是中國式現代化(hua)以(yi)中華民(min)族共同體的(de)共識倫(lun)理為倫(lun)理精神(shen)，因而具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)更深(shen)層的(de)倫(lun)理價值。

　　中華民族共同體是政治上團結統一、經濟上相互依存、文化上兼容并蓄、情感上相互親近，你中有我、我中有你的民族共同體，是百姓彩票紅血(xue)緣共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)、地(di)緣共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)和精神(shen)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)的(de)有機統一。德國(guo)社會學家(jia)滕尼斯(si)把精神(shen)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)的(de)心靈契合和意志(zhi)統一等價值共(gong)(gong)(gong)識看作“是(shi)具有直接倫(lun)理(li)意義的(de)神(shen)圣(sheng)秩(zhi)序”，是(shi)血(xue)緣共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)和地(di)緣共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)的(de)精神(shen)依托。中國(guo)式現(xian)代化(hua)就是(shi)建立在中華民族共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)深厚的(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)識倫(lun)理(li)基礎(chu)之上的(de)。

　　我國由于人口規模巨大，以及發展的不平衡不充分，不同人群、不同地區、不同行業仍然存在不同程度的差異，發展的“艱巨性和復雜性前所未有”。但應該看到，中華民族共同體不是原子式機械集合的共同體，而是建立在共同歷史條件、共同價值追求、共同物質基礎、共同身份認同、共有精神家園基礎上的水乳交融的民族共同體，是具有鮮明的共同體倫理意識和深厚的共同性倫理精神的命運共同體和精神共同體。中國式現代化正是由中華民族共同命運和共同性倫理精神所激發的全體中國人民共同追求的目標、共同實現的價值、共同滿足的需要和共同付諸的行動。可以說，中國式現代化是全體中國人民共同的奮斗目標和共同的價值追求。因此，鑄牢中華民族共同體意識，凝聚中國式現代化的百姓神彩票價值共(gong)(gong)識(shi)，充分激發中華民族共(gong)(gong)同體(ti)在(zai)中國(guo)式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)建設中“休戚(qi)與(yu)共(gong)(gong)、榮(rong)辱與(yu)共(gong)(gong)、生死與(yu)共(gong)(gong)、命運與(yu)共(gong)(gong)”的精神品格，就是(shi)中國(guo)式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)共(gong)(gong)識(shi)倫理的基(ji)本追求和(he)集中體(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)。基(ji)于中華民族共(gong)(gong)同體(ti)的共(gong)(gong)識(shi)倫理，中國(guo)式(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)必將使“人口規(gui)模巨大(da)”的現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)轉化(hua)(hua)為“人民力量巨大(da)”的現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)。

　　共享倫理

　　中國式(shi)現(xian)代化(hua)是全(quan)體人民共同(tong)富裕的(de)(de)現(xian)代化(hua)。共同(tong)富裕的(de)(de)倫(lun)理基礎(chu)和(he)價(jia)(jia)值根據(ju)就是共享(xiang)倫(lun)理，共享(xiang)倫(lun)理的(de)(de)基本原(yuan)則和(he)精神就是“追求公平(ping)正義”“防止兩(liang)極(ji)分化(hua)”，這充(chong)分體現(xian)了中國共產黨人始終(zhong)堅持以人民為中心(xin)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)思(si)想的(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)值指向和(he)倫(lun)理精神。

　　富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)貧窮(qiong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)否(fou)定(ding)，具(ju)有(you)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)合理(li)(li)(li)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)進步性(xing)(xing)；但(dan)由(you)(you)于自然稟賦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異、生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高低、人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天賦條件和(he)(he)(he)后天努力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等諸種主客觀因素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一部分(fen)地區(qu)和(he)(he)(he)一部分(fen)人(ren)先富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕起來，而另一部分(fen)地區(qu)和(he)(he)(he)另一部分(fen)人(ren)則相對(dui)貧窮(qiong)，因此貧富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)差(cha)異便(bian)成為普遍存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客觀事(shi)實(shi)。而資(zi)本(ben)主義(yi)(yi)社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)本(ben)本(ben)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)利己主義(yi)(yi)則會(hui)強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)貧富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)差(cha)距(ju)，甚至會(hui)導致兩(liang)極(ji)分(fen)化(hua)(hua)，從而使富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕失去(qu)了倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)合理(li)(li)(li)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)正面價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)。因此，資(zi)本(ben)主義(yi)(yi)本(ben)質上是(shi)(shi)(shi)排斥共(gong)(gong)(gong)享倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。而社會(hui)主義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質是(shi)(shi)(shi)以共(gong)(gong)(gong)享倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)為倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)基礎(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕。共(gong)(gong)(gong)享倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)便(bian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)貧富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)差(cha)距(ju)特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)極(ji)分(fen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)糾偏，是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)貧窮(qiong)、匱(kui)乏與富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕、多余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)平衡，由(you)(you)此為“全體人(ren)民(min)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現代化(hua)(hua)”提供倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)基礎(chu)和(he)(he)(he)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)評價(jia)(jia)(jia)根據。由(you)(you)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕到(dao)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)事(shi)實(shi)到(dao)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過渡和(he)(he)(he)轉化(hua)(hua)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”所蘊含的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“共(gong)(gong)(gong)享”既(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)裕實(shi)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客觀標志，又具(ju)有(you)了價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)評價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)和(he)(he)(he)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)進步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義(yi)(yi)。也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說，共(gong)(gong)(gong)享倫(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)利己主義(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)(he)兩(liang)極(ji)分(fen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)否(fou)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)評價(jia)(jia)(jia)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)互利主義(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)(he)公平正義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)建構(gou)。

　　共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)理的(de)(de)實質(zhi)是分(fen)配(pei)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)理，其目標是實現(xian)分(fen)配(pei)正義。需把握共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)理的(de)(de)三(san)個原則：一是確(que)保社(she)會困難群(qun)體在(zai)分(fen)配(pei)中的(de)(de)最大利益；二是兼顧市場初(chu)次(ci)分(fen)配(pei)的(de)(de)效率(lv)原則和政府再次(ci)分(fen)配(pei)的(de)(de)公平(ping)原則，形成(cheng)體現(xian)效率(lv)、促進公平(ping)的(de)(de)收(shou)入分(fen)配(pei)體系(xi)；三(san)是基(ji)于高(gao)收(shou)入群(qun)體的(de)(de)自愿，通過慈善公益等(deng)道德力量(liang)對社(she)會資源和財富(fu)進行(xing)第三(san)次(ci)分(fen)配(pei)，這是對初(chu)次(ci)分(fen)配(pei)和再次(ci)分(fen)配(pei)的(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式補充，最能體現(xian)共(gong)(gong)享(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)倫(lun)(lun)(lun)理的(de)(de)實質(zhi)。

　　共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)倫理(li)內(nei)含(han)(han)著共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)權(quan)利與共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)義(yi)務的(de)關系。共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)倫理(li)首先(xian)(xian)意味著先(xian)(xian)富(fu)(fu)群(qun)體(ti)要(yao)履行自(zi)己的(de)義(yi)務，即(ji)先(xian)(xian)富(fu)(fu)應帶后富(fu)(fu)、先(xian)(xian)富(fu)(fu)應幫后富(fu)(fu)，朝(chao)著共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同富(fu)(fu)裕的(de)目標(biao)邁進。再者，后富(fu)(fu)群(qun)體(ti)從平(ping)等和道(dao)義(yi)原(yuan)則享(xiang)有共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)富(fu)(fu)的(de)權(quan)利，但(dan)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)富(fu)(fu)權(quan)利應來源于共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)創(chuang)(chuang)，即(ji)后富(fu)(fu)群(qun)體(ti)應共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)美好生活(huo)、共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)創(chuang)(chuang)社會(hui)財富(fu)(fu)，這(zhe)樣(yang)才有權(quan)利共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)發展(zhan)成果，因此(ci)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)創(chuang)(chuang)是共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)的(de)倫理(li)要(yao)件；同時(shi)要(yao)尊(zun)重合(he)理(li)范圍和合(he)理(li)程度的(de)差(cha)距，即(ji)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)富(fu)(fu)和共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)都不是平(ping)均主義(yi)的(de)，而是內(nei)含(han)(han)著適度且(qie)公(gong)平(ping)的(de)差(cha)異的(de)。

　　共進倫理

　　中國式現(xian)代(dai)化是(shi)物質文明(ming)(ming)和精神文明(ming)(ming)相(xiang)協調的(de)現(xian)代(dai)化。兩(liang)個文明(ming)(ming)相(xiang)協調的(de)倫理精神是(shi)相(xiang)互(hu)促進(jin)和共同進(jin)步(bu)，即其(qi)倫理基礎是(shi)“共進(jin)倫理”。

　　在(zai)人(ren)(ren)類文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)史(shi)上(shang)，物質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)與(yu)(yu)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)總體(ti)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)進(jin)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但(dan)卻是(shi)(shi)在(zai)充滿曲(qu)折的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)旋(xuan)式(shi)(shi)上(shang)升中(zhong)進(jin)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。物質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)與(yu)(yu)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)進(jin)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曲(qu)折性(xing)，主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)兩(liang)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)協調(diao)(diao)性(xing)，這(zhe)一(yi)點(dian)在(zai)資(zi)本(ben)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)社會表現(xian)得(de)極為(wei)(wei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯。資(zi)本(ben)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)社會不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅物質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)與(yu)(yu)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)協調(diao)(diao)，而(er)且其(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)與(yu)(yu)內(nei)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)協調(diao)(diao)。如資(zi)本(ben)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可謂不(bu)(bu)(bu)豐(feng)富，按說人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)應該更富有、更文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，然而(er)深(shen)深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)意義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)感(gan)(gan)、無(wu)價(jia)值感(gan)(gan)、無(wu)理想信念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)貧(pin)困，卻成為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)存在(zai)方式(shi)(shi)，究(jiu)其(qi)(qi)根源，資(zi)本(ben)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)恰恰是(shi)(shi)腐蝕(shi)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)世界(jie)和(he)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)兇。日(ri)本(ben)學者(zhe)福澤諭吉曾(ceng)說，“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)有兩(liang)個方面，即(ji)外(wai)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)物和(he)內(nei)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)。外(wai)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)易取，內(nei)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)難求(qiu)”。由(you)于資(zi)本(ben)邏(luo)輯及其(qi)(qi)所(suo)導致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異化(hua)(hua)(hua)，資(zi)本(ben)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)與(yu)(yu)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、外(wai)在(zai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)與(yu)(yu)內(nei)在(zai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背反(fan)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)法解決的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，甚(shen)至隨(sui)著資(zi)本(ben)邏(luo)輯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷演進(jin)，其(qi)(qi)背反(fan)性(xing)只會愈(yu)益深(shen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。而(er)中(zhong)國式(shi)(shi)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)及其(qi)(qi)追求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)由(you)全(quan)面發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值目標，必然使(shi)物質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)與(yu)(yu)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、外(wai)在(zai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)與(yu)(yu)內(nei)在(zai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)實(shi)現(xian)協調(diao)(diao)共進(jin)發展，并不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。就精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)而(er)言，豐(feng)富人(ren)(ren)民精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)世界(jie)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國式(shi)(shi)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質(zhi)要求(qiu)之一(yi)，既要提供更加豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)資(zi)源，更要追尋(xun)人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、價(jia)值和(he)信念等(deng)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)性(xing)精(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)感(gan)(gan)受。

　　因(yin)此(ci)，相(xiang)互(hu)促進和共同進步的共進倫理，有助于避(bi)免資本主義社(she)會物(wu)質文(wen)(wen)明(ming)與精神文(wen)(wen)明(ming)的背(bei)反(fan)，能夠為(wei)實現物(wu)質文(wen)(wen)明(ming)和精神文(wen)(wen)明(ming)相(xiang)協調(diao)的中國式現代化提(ti)供倫理基礎和精神動力。

　　共生倫理

　　中國(guo)式現(xian)(xian)(xian)代化是(shi)人(ren)(ren)與自然(ran)和諧(xie)共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代化。人(ren)(ren)與自然(ran)和諧(xie)共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)基(ji)礎是(shi)“共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)”。人(ren)(ren)與自然(ran)的(de)共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)相(xiang)對于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)而言更能(neng)體現(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)與自然(ran)“相(xiang)依為命(ming)”的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)共(gong)同(tong)體的(de)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)(li)精神(shen)。

　　共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)的(de)(de)基本觀(guan)(guan)(guan)念(nian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)精神(shen)就(jiu)是整(zheng)體(ti)性(xing)宇宙觀(guan)(guan)(guan)、世(shi)界(jie)(jie)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)價值觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)主(zhu)(zhu)張人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)是一個有(you)機整(zheng)體(ti)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是在與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)互(hu)動中(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活和(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)展的(de)(de)。馬(ma)克思指(zhi)出，“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)靠(kao)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)界(jie)(jie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活”，但資本主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)卻是在與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)對(dui)抗中(zhong)(zhong)靠(kao)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活，而(er)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)則是自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)的(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)合，是“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)同(tong)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)完成了(le)的(de)(de)本質的(de)(de)統一”，“是人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)實現(xian)(xian)了(le)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)實現(xian)(xian)了(le)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)”。包(bao)含(han)“山水林田湖草沙(sha)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)”“地球生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)”等在內的(de)(de)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)”，就(jiu)是人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)是一個有(you)機整(zheng)體(ti)的(de)(de)必然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)邏(luo)輯(ji)結(jie)(jie)論(lun)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)的(de)(de)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)依據，就(jiu)是承認“自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)固有(you)價值”，從而(er)將自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)以及人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi)納入倫(lun)(lun)理(li)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)的(de)(de)范疇。綜觀(guan)(guan)(guan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)史，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)基本關系(xi)(xi)，大而(er)言之可(ke)區分為(wei)如下(xia)三個階段(duan)：“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)淹沒(mei)于自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)之中(zhong)(zhong)”，即人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)渾(hun)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)一體(ti)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)本身(shen)就(jiu)是自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)存(cun)在物(wu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)體(ti)；“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)從自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)中(zhong)(zhong)分離和(he)(he)(he)(he)異化(hua)(hua)出來(lai)”，即人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)出現(xian)(xian)主(zhu)(zhu)客二分，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)從自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)中(zhong)(zhong)解放出來(lai)并獲得獨立性(xing)，從而(er)豐富了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)本質，但又陷入孤立化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)化(hua)(hua)，進而(er)導致人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)對(dui)立和(he)(he)(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)異化(hua)(hua)；“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”，即人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)關系(xi)(xi)進入新的(de)(de)階段(duan)，其重要標志就(jiu)是人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)意識的(de)(de)樹立和(he)(he)(he)(he)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)倫(lun)(lun)理(li)的(de)(de)建(jian)構(gou)。可(ke)以說，這(zhe)三個階段(duan)就(jiu)是人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)的(de)(de)演化(hua)(hua)史，其演化(hua)(hua)邏(luo)輯(ji)遵循著人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)作(zuo)為(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)體(ti)的(de)(de)否(fou)定之否(fou)定的(de)(de)辯證法(fa)。

　　人(ren)與自(zi)然(ran)和(he)諧共(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)的(de)中國式(shi)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)化共(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)倫理，不(bu)僅關(guan)涉人(ren)與自(zi)然(ran)的(de)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)本身，而且關(guan)涉人(ren)與人(ren)特別(bie)是當代(dai)(dai)(dai)人(ren)與后代(dai)(dai)(dai)人(ren)的(de)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)。共(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)倫理既要實(shi)現當代(dai)(dai)(dai)人(ren)與自(zi)然(ran)的(de)和(he)諧共(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)，也要站在為(wei)子孫后代(dai)(dai)(dai)負責(ze)的(de)高度(du)，在滿足當代(dai)(dai)(dai)人(ren)與自(zi)然(ran)共(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)的(de)同(tong)時，不(bu)能(neng)以(yi)犧(xi)牲后代(dai)(dai)(dai)人(ren)與自(zi)然(ran)共(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)的(de)機(ji)會和(he)后代(dai)(dai)(dai)人(ren)的(de)利(li)益(yi)為(wei)代(dai)(dai)(dai)價，在實(shi)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)內公(gong)平(ping)的(de)同(tong)時，實(shi)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)際公(gong)平(ping)。

　　共贏倫理

　　中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現代化是(shi)(shi)走和(he)(he)平發(fa)展道路(lu)的(de)(de)現代化。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)愛好和(he)(he)平的(de)(de)基因(yin)和(he)(he)歷史，從倫理(li)學上看，歸根到底是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人信奉“共贏(ying)倫理(li)”。共贏(ying)是(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)平的(de)(de)本(ben)質；共贏(ying)倫理(li)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現代化走和(he)(he)平發(fa)展道路(lu)的(de)(de)精神內核。

　　中國人(ren)常(chang)常(chang)以“和”作為最理想(xiang)也(ye)最實(shi)用的(de)價值準則，其總(zong)原則是和而不同(tong)，總(zong)目標是建(jian)設和諧世界。這都(dou)(dou)是以“共(gong)贏(ying)(ying)”作為倫理根基的(de)，即(ji)關系的(de)各(ge)方都(dou)(dou)是共(gong)贏(ying)(ying)。共(gong)贏(ying)(ying)是中國式(shi)現代(dai)化走和平發(fa)展道路的(de)底層邏輯，這與西方以戰爭、殖(zhi)民(min)、掠奪等方式(shi)推(tui)進的(de)我(wo)贏(ying)(ying)你輸、贏(ying)(ying)者通(tong)吃的(de)現代(dai)化有著本質區別(bie)。

　　普遍交(jiao)往(wang)是(shi)(shi)經濟(ji)全(quan)球化時(shi)代人(ren)類交(jiao)往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)特征，共贏(ying)倫理是(shi)(shi)人(ren)類普遍交(jiao)往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)原則。共贏(ying)倫理表現(xian)(xian)在國際(ji)交(jiao)往(wang)中，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)摒棄零(ling)和思維，促進國際(ji)政(zheng)治和國際(ji)經濟(ji)交(jiao)往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)友(you)好(hao)、互信、互利(li)、合(he)作，最終實(shi)現(xian)(xian)國際(ji)交(jiao)往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)共贏(ying)；表現(xian)(xian)在文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)交(jiao)往(wang)中，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)交(jiao)流超(chao)越文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)隔閡、文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)互鑒(jian)超(chao)越文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)沖(chong)突、文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)共存(cun)超(chao)越文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)優(you)越，最終實(shi)現(xian)(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)交(jiao)往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)共贏(ying)；表現(xian)(xian)在人(ren)類交(jiao)往(wang)中，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)形成不(bu)同(tong)(tong)種族、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)地域、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)膚色的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)群休戚與(yu)共的(de)(de)(de)命運共同(tong)(tong)體意識(shi)，推動構建人(ren)類命運共同(tong)(tong)體，最終實(shi)現(xian)(xian)人(ren)類交(jiao)往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)共贏(ying)。

　　共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)贏倫(lun)理(li)(li)是人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)的(de)崇高價(jia)值。共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)贏倫(lun)理(li)(li)貫穿在(zai)(zai)“和平(ping)、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、公平(ping)、正(zheng)義(yi)、民主、自(zi)由”的(de)全人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同價(jia)值之中(zhong)，全人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同價(jia)值的(de)精神實質(zhi)，就是要(yao)實現(xian)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)贏。共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)贏倫(lun)理(li)(li)集中(zhong)體(ti)現(xian)了(le)走和平(ping)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)道路的(de)中(zhong)國式(shi)現(xian)代化(hua)的(de)正(zheng)確(que)義(yi)利(li)(li)觀。習近(jin)平(ping)總書記指出，要(yao)“倡導合(he)作發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)理(li)(li)念，在(zai)(zai)國際(ji)(ji)關系中(zhong)踐行正(zheng)確(que)義(yi)利(li)(li)觀。在(zai)(zai)國際(ji)(ji)合(he)作中(zhong)，我(wo)們要(yao)注重利(li)(li)，更(geng)要(yao)注重義(yi)，政治(zhi)上(shang)要(yao)秉持(chi)公道正(zheng)義(yi)，堅持(chi)平(ping)等(deng)相待(dai)，經(jing)濟上(shang)要(yao)堅持(chi)互利(li)(li)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)贏、共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，摒(bing)棄過時的(de)零和思(si)維。既要(yao)讓(rang)自(zi)己過得好，也要(yao)讓(rang)別人(ren)(ren)過得好。只(zhi)有義(yi)利(li)(li)兼顧才能義(yi)利(li)(li)兼得，只(zhi)有義(yi)利(li)(li)平(ping)衡才能義(yi)利(li)(li)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)贏”。這一重要(yao)論述深刻闡(chan)釋了(le)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)贏倫(lun)理(li)(li)的(de)精神實質(zhi)。

　　《日報》（2024年(nian)04月(yue)29日?15版）