作者：侯勇(yong)（江(jiang)南大學馬克思主義學院院長、樹立江(jiang)蘇(su)省(sheng)習近(jin)平新(xin)時代中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色社(she)會主義思想研究(jiu)中(zhong)心研究(jiu)員）

　　糧食安全是大食“國之大者”，耕地是物觀維護糧食生產的命根子。習近平總書記指出，糧食“現在講糧食安全，安全實際上是樹立食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)”，強(qiang)調要“樹立(li)大農業(ye)觀、大食(shi)(shi)大食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)觀”。物(wu)(wu)觀維護深刻(ke)把握(wo)大食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)觀的糧食(shi)(shi)內(nei)涵，切實維護糧食(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)，樹立(li)對于滿足人民群眾對美好(hao)生活(huo)的大食(shi)(shi)向(xiang)往、全(quan)(quan)面推進(jin)強(qiang)國建設和民族(zu)復(fu)興偉業(ye)具有重要意義(yi)。物(wu)(wu)觀維護

　　堅持糧食安全與食物安全的糧食辯證統一。一方面，安全樹立大食物觀，基礎是糧食安全。糧食安全是食物安全的基礎和重要組成部分，沒有糧食安全就沒有食物安全。因此，要堅持依靠自己保口糧，始終堅持以我為主、立足國內、確保產能、適度進口、科技支撐的國家糧食安全戰略，做到谷物基本自給、口糧絕對安全。另一方面，保障(zhang)食(shi)物(wu)安(an)全(quan)是對確(que)保糧食(shi)安(an)全(quan)的(de)拓展升(sheng)級，兩者辯(bian)證統(tong)一于大(da)食(shi)物(wu)觀。大(da)食(shi)物(wu)觀要求在(zai)確(que)保基本口(kou)(kou)糧安(an)全(quan)的(de)基礎上，保障(zhang)蔬菜副食(shi)等(deng)所(suo)有入口(kou)(kou)食(shi)物(wu)的(de)供應，以多元化(hua)層次(ci)化(hua)的(de)食(shi)物(wu)供應滿足(zu)人民群眾的(de)生活需要，分散與化(hua)解主糧風(feng)險，升(sheng)級了食(shi)物(wu)安(an)全(quan)保障(zhang)戰(zhan)略。

　　堅持(chi)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)一體(ti)互促(cu)。一方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，樹立大(da)(da)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)觀(guan)，就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)全(quan)方(fang)位、多途徑開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。大(da)(da)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)觀(guan)體(ti)現(xian)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)結(jie)構(gou)優化(hua)(hua)、食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)來源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)多樣化(hua)(hua)、滿足(zu)人民美(mei)好(hao)(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)導向(xiang)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)從耕地(di)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)向(xiang)整個國土資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)拓展(zhan)(zhan)，從傳統農作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和畜禽資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)向(xiang)更豐富的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)拓展(zhan)(zhan)，向(xiang)森(sen)林(lin)、草原、江河湖海要(yao)(yao)(yao)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。樹立大(da)(da)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)觀(guan)，不僅需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)推動(dong)農林(lin)牧漁(yu)并舉，還(huan)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)普遍開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)與微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，向(xiang)森(sen)林(lin)、江河湖海、設施農業的(de)(de)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)熱量、要(yao)(yao)(yao)蛋白，全(quan)方(fang)位多途徑開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，構(gou)建多元(yuan)化(hua)(hua)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)供給體(ti)系(xi)(xi)。另(ling)一方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)以(yi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境為(wei)前提條件。大(da)(da)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)觀(guan)的(de)(de)本質(zhi)在于(yu)滿足(zu)人民美(mei)好(hao)(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)，秉承良(liang)好(hao)(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)本身蘊含著經(jing)濟(ji)社會(hui)價值的(de)(de)理(li)念，貫徹(che)“保(bao)護(hu)(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境就(jiu)是(shi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)，改善生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境就(jiu)是(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)”的(de)(de)理(li)念。為(wei)此，要(yao)(yao)(yao)注重保(bao)護(hu)(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境，構(gou)建食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)承載力(li)相(xiang)平衡的(de)(de)大(da)(da)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)，形成(cheng)同(tong)市(shi)場需(xu)(xu)求相(xiang)適應(ying)、同(tong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)(huan)境承載力(li)相(xiang)匹配的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)布局，以(yi)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境為(wei)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)根本依托，讓綠(lv)水(shui)青山持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)、經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)與社會(hui)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)，實現(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和經(jing)濟(ji)社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)相(xiang)互促(cu)進(jin)、相(xiang)得(de)益(yi)彰。

　　堅持食(shi)品安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)與食(shi)品倫(lun)理(li)責任協同共治。民(min)以食(shi)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)，食(shi)以安(an)(an)為(wei)(wei)先。保(bao)(bao)障食(shi)品安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)是踐行大(da)食(shi)物觀的(de)前提，把農(nong)產品質量抓好，用最(zui)嚴謹的(de)標準、最(zui)嚴格的(de)監管(guan)、最(zui)嚴厲的(de)處罰、最(zui)嚴肅的(de)問(wen)責，確保(bao)(bao)廣(guang)大(da)人(ren)民(min)群眾“舌尖上的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”，從生產源頭(tou)和過程(cheng)監管(guan)兩方面共同保(bao)(bao)障食(shi)物安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。食(shi)品安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)問(wen)題(ti)不僅是衛生體系標準問(wen)題(ti)，也是社會倫(lun)理(li)道德問(wen)題(ti)。大(da)食(shi)物觀內含尊重生命、保(bao)(bao)障消費者安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)與健(jian)康的(de)倫(lun)理(li)意蘊，應從人(ren)民(min)群眾對美好生活的(de)向往出(chu)發，著(zhu)眼大(da)食(shi)品、聚焦大(da)營養、面向大(da)健(jian)康，持續(xu)提升食(shi)品安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)現代治理(li)能力，保(bao)(bao)障人(ren)民(min)健(jian)康和生命安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、不斷增進(jin)社會福祉。

　　堅持食物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生產(chan)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)互融(rong)共(gong)進(jin)。樹立大食物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)，要求樹立大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)，以(yi)構(gou)建(jian)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)體系、生產(chan)體系、經營體系為抓手(shou)，加(jia)快(kuai)轉變(bian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方式，夯實(shi)糧食安全(quan)基礎。以(yi)有(you)效改善(shan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)的(de)人居環(huan)境、提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民的(de)經濟收(shou)入、提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)的(de)科技(ji)水平(ping)，提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)水平(ping)，推(tui)進(jin)大食物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)、大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)與鄉村(cun)(cun)振興有(you)效銜接。構(gou)建(jian)大食物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)，必(bi)須以(yi)信息化(hua)(hua)、數字化(hua)(hua)與智能化(hua)(hua)新(xin)技(ji)術賦能打造(zao)未來(lai)食品行業(ye)(ye)新(xin)業(ye)(ye)態。以(yi)大食物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)引領大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)，將“藏(zang)糧于(yu)(yu)技(ji)”與“藏(zang)糧于(yu)(yu)地”作為重要抓手(shou)，解(jie)決好種(zhong)子和耕地問(wen)題，促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，助力食物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生產(chan)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)互融(rong)共(gong)進(jin)，推(tui)動我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)高(gao)質量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。

　　總之(zhi)，糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食安(an)全和食物(wu)安(an)全問題不(bu)僅是關(guan)系黨和國(guo)家執政基礎的(de)重(zhong)大(da)(da)政治(zhi)問題，也是切實滿足人民群(qun)眾日益增長(chang)的(de)美(mei)好生活需(xu)要(yao)的(de)重(zhong)大(da)(da)實踐問題。立足新時(shi)代(dai)歷史(shi)方位，必須(xu)深刻(ke)學(xue)習領會習近平總書記關(guan)于大(da)(da)食物(wu)觀的(de)系列重(zhong)要(yao)論述，堅(jian)持樹立大(da)(da)食物(wu)觀，自覺(jue)在(zai)保(bao)障(zhang)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食安(an)全、促進(jin)生態保(bao)護、加強(qiang)食品安(an)全治(zhi)理與推(tui)動(dong)農業農村現代(dai)化(hua)的(de)過程中，廣泛開(kai)發食物(wu)資源，構建(jian)新時(shi)代(dai)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食安(an)全保(bao)障(zhang)體系，為以中國(guo)式現代(dai)化(hua)全面推(tui)進(jin)中華民族偉(wei)大(da)(da)復(fu)興奠定糧(liang)(liang)(liang)食安(an)全和食物(wu)安(an)全基礎。

　　《光明(ming)日報》（2024年01月30日 06版(ban)）