????作者：余欣榮（中國農業綠色發展研究會理事長）

????黨的推進二十大報告指出：“推動經濟社會發展綠色化、低碳化是農業實現高質量發展的關鍵環節。”2023年12月召開的綠色中央農村工作會議，傳達學習了習近平總書記關于做好“三農”工作的發展重要指示。總書記強調，中深制改“要強化科技和改革雙輪驅動，化農百姓彩票官網登錄加大核心技術攻關(guan)力度(du)，村(cun)(cun)(cun)經改(gai)革完善‘三農(nong)(nong)(nong)’工作體制機制，營體為農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)現(xian)代化增動力、推進添活力”。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)2024年中(zhong)央一(yi)號文件指(zhi)出，綠(lv)色“堅持產業(ye)(ye)興(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)、發(fa)(fa)展質量興(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)、中(zhong)深制改(gai)綠(lv)色興(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)”，化農(nong)(nong)(nong)“把(ba)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)建成現(xian)代化大產業(ye)(ye)”。村(cun)(cun)(cun)經深入研(yan)究、正確處理好(hao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綠(lv)色發(fa)(fa)展與農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)經營體制改(gai)革的(de)關(guan)系(xi)是深化農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)改(gai)革的(de)重要(yao)(yao)內容，對促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)高(gao)質量發(fa)(fa)展、推進鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)全面振興(xing)、加快建設農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)強國具有(you)重要(yao)(yao)意義。

????一、農業綠色發展對深化農村經營體制改革的重要意義

????習近平總書記在主持中共中央政治局第十一次集體學習時強調，“生產關系必須與生產力發展要求相適應。發展新質生產力，必須進一步全面深化改革，形成與之相適應的新型生產關系”。農業綠色發展是以新發展理念為引領，以尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然為前提，以統籌經濟、社會、生態效益為基本原則，以綠色科技創新與體制機制創新為驅動，實現增產增收、資源高效、環境友好、富裕健康多目標協同發展的百姓神彩票農(nong)業變革(ge)過程。農(nong)業綠色(se)科技是農(nong)業綠色(se)發展的(de)核心動力。推(tui)(tui)進農(nong)業綠色(se)發展，推(tui)(tui)動農(nong)業綠色(se)科技創(chuang)新，需要(yao)依托生物、數字(zi)、先(xian)進裝備制(zhi)造(zao)等技術手段融合協同，加快發展新質(zhi)生產力，以最小的(de)資源投入、最小的(de)生態環境代價，實現農(nong)業最好的(de)產出(chu)、最好的(de)效率(lv)、最好的(de)收(shou)益。農(nong)業綠色(se)發展對深化(hua)農(nong)村經營體制(zhi)改革(ge)具有重要(yao)意義。

????農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)創(chuang)新的(de)理論意義。農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)性質(zhi)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)深刻(ke)影(ying)響。推進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)是農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)觀的(de)一(yi)場深刻(ke)革(ge)命。這要(yao)(yao)(yao)求我們(men)不僅要(yao)(yao)(yao)重視農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力的(de)變革(ge)作(zuo)用(yong)，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)重視農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)變革(ge)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)關(guan)系(xi)，特別(bie)是農(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)創(chuang)新中(zhong)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)。新中(zhong)國成(cheng)立以(yi)(yi)來，我國農(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)歷了農(nong)(nong)戶互助合(he)作(zuo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)、農(nong)(nong)村(cun)集體(ti)(ti)統一(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)和(he)以(yi)(yi)家(jia)庭承包(bao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)為(wei)基礎、統分(fen)結合(he)的(de)雙層經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)這三個(ge)階段，它們(men)與當時(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力狀(zhuang)況協調與否，對(dui)能否實現黨和(he)國家(jia)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)目標(biao)關(guan)系(xi)重大(da)。新征程(cheng)上，我們(men)要(yao)(yao)(yao)實現加(jia)快建設(she)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強國的(de)目標(biao)，必(bi)須重視研究(jiu)以(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)綠色科(ke)技進(jin)(jin)步為(wei)核心的(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與農(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)演進(jin)(jin)之(zhi)間的(de)關(guan)系(xi)，正確(que)推進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)方式(shi)創(chuang)新，從而(er)形成(cheng)相互適應、協同發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)格局(ju)，為(wei)實現農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)高質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)奠定良好體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)基礎。

????農業綠色發展對農村經營體制創新的實踐意義。習近平總書記指出：“建設農業強國，利器在科技，關鍵靠改革。”黨的快3百姓彩票十八大以(yi)來，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綠色(se)科技(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)研發應用和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)可持(chi)續(xu)發展(zhan)取得了明顯成效，集中體(ti)現在農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綠色(se)轉(zhuan)型邁出新(xin)(xin)步子，在農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)連(lian)年(nian)增(zeng)產增(zeng)收的(de)(de)同時，農(nong)(nong)(nong)用化肥農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥施用量呈現持(chi)續(xu)下(xia)降趨勢。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綠色(se)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)開發應用，不斷促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)節本提(ti)質(zhi)增(zeng)效，催生農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)新(xin)(xin)產業(ye)(ye)新(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)態(tai)新(xin)(xin)模式(shi)，促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)勞動力從(cong)一產向二三產業(ye)(ye)加速(su)轉(zhuan)移(yi)，為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)改革與發展(zhan)增(zeng)添了新(xin)(xin)活力。實踐表明，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綠色(se)發展(zhan)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)科技(ji)(ji)進(jin)步，有利于解決“小農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶”與“大市(shi)場”的(de)(de)矛盾，有利于以(yi)家庭承包(bao)經(jing)營為(wei)基礎(chu)、統(tong)分結合的(de)(de)雙層經(jing)營體(ti)制保持(chi)穩定(ding)。面對農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)營體(ti)制改革呈現機遇與挑戰并存的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)形勢，我們要統(tong)籌(chou)好農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綠色(se)發展(zhan)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)改革的(de)(de)關系，保障中國式(shi)現代化的(de)(de)順利進(jin)行。

????農業(ye)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)對(dui)農村(cun)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)創新(xin)的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)意義。習近(jin)平總書記強調：“農戶(hu)分散(san)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)仍然是我(wo)(wo)(wo)國農業(ye)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)基本面，農業(ye)科技推(tui)廣任務很重(zhong)，必須政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)和(he)(he)市場協同發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)力(li)。”推(tui)進農業(ye)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，需要(yao)兼顧(gu)經(jing)(jing)濟、社會、生(sheng)態效益，加(jia)快轉變(bian)一個(ge)時(shi)期以來大水大肥的(de)(de)粗放生(sheng)產(chan)方式，迫切需要(yao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)在(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)激勵等方面的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，有(you)效引導農戶(hu)提升(sheng)農業(ye)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)素質和(he)(he)能力(li)。近(jin)幾年各地都出臺了一些(xie)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)支持(chi)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，如(ru)輪作(zuo)休耕、秸稈還田、畜禽糞(fen)污治理(li)、擴大大豆種(zhong)植等，干(gan)部群眾很擁護(hu)，但也有(you)個(ge)別地方沒(mei)有(you)達到預期效果。究(jiu)其(qi)原因是新(xin)階段(duan)我(wo)(wo)(wo)國農村(cun)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)、農業(ye)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)主體(ti)(ti)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)了一些(xie)新(xin)變(bian)化(hua)，要(yao)求綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)支持(chi)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)實施對(dui)象(xiang)、標準(zhun)(zhun)、方法和(he)(he)手段(duan)等更(geng)加(jia)精準(zhun)(zhun)，而一些(xie)地方在(zai)落實政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)時(shi)沒(mei)能及時(shi)適應這(zhe)一新(xin)要(yao)求。黨(dang)的(de)(de)二十大報告(gao)對(dui)完善支持(chi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)財稅、金融、投資(zi)、價格政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)提出明確要(yao)求。我(wo)(wo)(wo)們要(yao)在(zai)推(tui)進農業(ye)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)過(guo)程中，更(geng)加(jia)注(zhu)重(zhong)對(dui)農業(ye)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)方式及經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)主體(ti)(ti)等變(bian)化(hua)規(gui)律的(de)(de)系統(tong)研究(jiu)，努力(li)提高各項(xiang)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)支持(chi)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)精準(zhun)(zhun)性，更(geng)好調動農民和(he)(he)其(qi)他各類經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)主體(ti)(ti)投身(shen)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)積極性、主動性和(he)(he)創造性。

????二、農業綠色科技給農村經營體制帶來新變化

????科技(ji)(ji)(ji)創新能夠催生(sheng)新產業(ye)、新模式、新動(dong)能，是發展新質生(sheng)產力(li)的(de)(de)(de)核心要(yao)素。每(mei)一(yi)次(ci)農業(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)革命(ming)都帶來農業(ye)生(sheng)產力(li)大發展。當前(qian)(qian)，以綠(lv)色健康消費為引(yin)領，以生(sheng)物技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、智(zhi)能裝(zhuang)備制(zhi)造技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)為支撐，以數字技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)相貫通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)農業(ye)綠(lv)色科技(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)迅(xun)猛發展與廣泛應(ying)用，正在(zai)以前(qian)(qian)所未有(you)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式更加深(shen)刻、持久(jiu)地改變中國乃(nai)至(zhi)世界農業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發展，包括農業(ye)生(sheng)產方(fang)式和農業(ye)經營方(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)協(xie)同進步。

????農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)綠色(se)科技(ji)促(cu)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)營(ying)體制(zhi)更加(jia)充(chong)滿活力。改革開放以來，我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村建立(li)并不(bu)(bu)斷鞏(gong)固完善以家庭承包經(jing)營(ying)為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)、統分結合的(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)層經(jing)營(ying)體制(zhi)，促(cu)進(jin)了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產力的(de)(de)持續進(jin)步。但隨著人(ren)口增加(jia)、需求增長(chang)、資(zi)源環(huan)境硬約束等因素的(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)，如何促(cu)使小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)和現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)有(you)機銜接以及提(ti)高資(zi)源環(huan)境利用效(xiao)率等問題日益突(tu)出(chu)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)家庭經(jing)營(ying)的(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)條(tiao)件不(bu)(bu)對稱(cheng)(cheng)、信息(xi)不(bu)(bu)對稱(cheng)(cheng)、風險(xian)不(bu)(bu)對稱(cheng)(cheng)、資(zi)源不(bu)(bu)對稱(cheng)(cheng)等短板(ban)一直難(nan)以克服。當(dang)前和今后很長(chang)一個時期(qi)，小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)家庭經(jing)營(ying)仍將是我(wo)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)的(de)(de)主要經(jing)營(ying)方(fang)(fang)式。近年來，隨著農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)綠色(se)轉型步伐的(de)(de)加(jia)快，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)綠色(se)技(ji)術加(jia)速(su)在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)各環(huan)節各領域滲透(tou)應(ying)用，全方(fang)(fang)位的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)社會化(hua)服務(wu)為(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)家庭生產經(jing)營(ying)活動(dong)提(ti)供了(le)便捷、高效(xiao)的(de)(de)周到服務(wu)，帶動(dong)提(ti)升了(le)小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)發(fa)展(zhan)能力，有(you)效(xiao)解(jie)決了(le)“小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)”與“大市(shi)場(chang)”的(de)(de)矛盾(dun)，為(wei)以家庭承包經(jing)營(ying)為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)、統分結合的(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)層經(jing)營(ying)體制(zhi)鞏(gong)固和完善提(ti)供了(le)長(chang)期(qi)強勁(jing)的(de)(de)支撐力。據統計(ji)，2023年農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)社會化(hua)服務(wu)總面積超(chao)過(guo)19.7億畝次，服務(wu)小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)9100多(duo)萬戶(hu)(hu)(hu)。近些年出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)訂單農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)服務(wu)平臺，以“先找市(shi)場(chang)、再(zai)抓生產、產銷(xiao)(xiao)掛鉤、以銷(xiao)(xiao)定產”為(wei)目標(biao)，為(wei)涉(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)群體提(ti)供種苗、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)設施、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)技(ji)指導等，通過(guo)線(xian)上線(xian)下對接，為(wei)解(jie)決長(chang)期(qi)以來困擾小農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)“種什么(me)、怎么(me)種、賣(mai)給誰”的(de)(de)難(nan)題提(ti)供了(le)有(you)效(xiao)方(fang)(fang)案。

????農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)綠色(se)科(ke)技(ji)促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)新(xin)(xin)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)新(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態又好又快(kuai)發展。以(yi)互(hu)(hu)(hu)聯網為核(he)心的(de)(de)信息技(ji)術發展催生了農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)電商、鄉(xiang)村(cun)旅游等(deng)一(yi)(yi)批新(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態，各地(di)因地(di)制宜發揮生產(chan)(chan)要(yao)素聚(ju)合優勢，發展現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園，走科(ke)技(ji)集成(cheng)、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融合、創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)平臺、核(he)心輻(fu)射綜合服(fu)務的(de)(de)路子，促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)、加工(gong)、物流等(deng)相互(hu)(hu)(hu)融合，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集群(qun)。一(yi)(yi)些(xie)地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)通過綠色(se)技(ji)術對農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)一(yi)(yi)二三產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間的(de)(de)滲透(tou)，將資金(jin)、技(ji)術、勞動力等(deng)資源要(yao)素進行跨產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集約化配置，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)較為完整的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)條，帶動了農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式和組織方(fang)(fang)(fang)式的(de)(de)變革，從(cong)而提升農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)現(xian)代化水平，讓更多農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶共享增值收益(yi)。2023年，全(quan)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品網絡零(ling)售(shou)額為5900億(yi)元、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)網絡零(ling)售(shou)額達2.49萬億(yi)元。我(wo)國不少地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)以(yi)綠色(se)數(shu)字技(ji)術為載(zai)體，發揮“數(shu)字橋梁”作用，促(cu)進城鄉(xiang)要(yao)素雙(shuang)向流動，推(tui)動加快(kuai)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)工(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)互(hu)(hu)(hu)促(cu)、城鄉(xiang)互(hu)(hu)(hu)補、協(xie)調(diao)發展、共同(tong)繁(fan)榮的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型工(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)城鄉(xiang)關系(xi)。

????農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綠(lv)色(se)科(ke)技(ji)推動(dong)形(xing)成(cheng)“政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)—市(shi)(shi)場—農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)”協(xie)(xie)(xie)同發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)新機(ji)制(zhi)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)民(min)經濟的(de)(de)(de)基礎。協(xie)(xie)(xie)同政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)、市(shi)(shi)場、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)行為，統籌(chou)經濟、社(she)(she)會、生(sheng)態(tai)效(xiao)(xiao)益，處理好(hao)短期與長期、局部與全局、安全與發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)關系，始終(zhong)是(shi)(shi)事關農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)乃至整個經濟健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重大問題。隨著全面建成(cheng)小康(kang)(kang)社(she)(she)會目(mu)標的(de)(de)(de)完成(cheng)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)為農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)實(shi)現經濟、社(she)(she)會、生(sheng)態(tai)協(xie)(xie)(xie)調發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)提供了保證。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)走綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)之路與維護最廣大人民(min)的(de)(de)(de)根本利(li)(li)益是(shi)(shi)高度一致的(de)(de)(de)，政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)、市(shi)(shi)場、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)在綠(lv)色(se)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)理念引(yin)領(ling)下，有利(li)(li)于形(xing)成(cheng)科(ke)學(xue)高效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)運行機(ji)制(zhi)，協(xie)(xie)(xie)力推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)高質量發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，實(shi)現農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)產(chan)增(zeng)(zeng)收、資(zi)(zi)(zi)源高效(xiao)(xiao)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)、生(sheng)態(tai)環境改善、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)富裕健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標。盡(jin)管全國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)施用(yong)(yong)量連(lian)年(nian)呈下降趨勢，但我國(guo)糧食總產(chan)量連(lian)續9年(nian)保持(chi)在1.3萬(wan)億(yi)斤以上，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)水平穩步提升。此外(wai)，以數字技(ji)術為重要支撐的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綠(lv)色(se)科(ke)技(ji)的(de)(de)(de)廣泛開發(fa)(fa)(fa)應用(yong)(yong)，有利(li)(li)于政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)用(yong)(yong)好(hao)綠(lv)色(se)財稅、金融、價格、投資(zi)(zi)(zi)政(zheng)(zheng)策等手段(duan)，充分(fen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮市(shi)(shi)場在資(zi)(zi)(zi)源配置中的(de)(de)(de)決定性作用(yong)(yong)，更加及時(shi)有效(xiao)(xiao)地引(yin)導各種要素(su)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源流(liu)向(xiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)領(ling)域，推進(jin)生(sheng)態(tai)低碳農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。

????三、深化農村經營體制改革，更好推進農業綠色發展

????黨的(de)(de)十(shi)八(ba)大以(yi)來，黨中央高度重視生(sheng)(sheng)態文明建設，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展取得了積(ji)極進(jin)(jin)展。但從整體(ti)看，我國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展仍處于起步階段，主(zhu)要表現在貫徹綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展理念還不深(shen)入，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)要依(yi)靠資(zi)源消耗(hao)的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營方(fang)(fang)式仍未根本(ben)改變。從工作方(fang)(fang)面分析，存在“四多四少(shao)(shao)”問(wen)題：關注農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方(fang)(fang)式范(fan)疇(chou)的(de)(de)事情多，關注農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營方(fang)(fang)式范(fan)疇(chou)的(de)(de)事情少(shao)(shao)；用(yong)行政手段推動(dong)(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展的(de)(de)措施多，用(yong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟手段調動(dong)(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民和(he)新(xin)(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營主(zhu)體(ti)參與農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展的(de)(de)措施少(shao)(shao)；開發(fa)推廣(guang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藝性(xing)的(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)技術模式多，開發(fa)應用(yong)智能裝(zhuang)備性(xing)的(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)技術模式少(shao)(shao)；支持農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展政策泛(fan)化性(xing)的(de)(de)多，精準性(xing)的(de)(de)少(shao)(shao)。綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展是高質(zhi)量發(fa)展的(de)(de)底色(se)(se)(se)，新(xin)(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)本(ben)身就(jiu)是綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)。必須(xu)著力(li)(li)打通束縛新(xin)(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li)(li)發(fa)展的(de)(de)堵點卡點，進(jin)(jin)一步推進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村經(jing)(jing)(jing)營體(ti)制創新(xin)(xin)，形(xing)成政府(fu)引導、市場主(zhu)導、社會參與的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)發(fa)展新(xin)(xin)格局。

????堅持(chi)家庭(ting)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營基礎(chu)性地(di)位，構(gou)建(jian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)綠色(se)發展制度環境(jing)。自(zi)古以來我國農(nong)(nong)民(min)就有精(jing)耕(geng)細作、趨利避害、順(shun)應自(zi)然的(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)美德，今天農(nong)(nong)業(ye)綠色(se)科技賡續農(nong)(nong)耕(geng)文明(ming)精(jing)髓(sui)，賦予(yu)農(nong)(nong)戶家庭(ting)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營新的(de)(de)強勁動(dong)力。必須毫不動(dong)搖長期堅持(chi)、鞏固完善以家庭(ting)承包經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營為基礎(chu)、統(tong)分(fen)結合(he)(he)的(de)(de)雙層經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營體制，調(diao)動(dong)農(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產積極性，賦予(yu)農(nong)(nong)戶充分(fen)的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營自(zi)主(zhu)權(quan)，開(kai)展多種(zhong)形式的(de)(de)合(he)(he)作與(yu)聯合(he)(he)，發展適(shi)合(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)綠色(se)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)適(shi)度規模(mo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營，完善支持(chi)適(shi)度規模(mo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營的(de)(de)財(cai)稅、金融、投資、價(jia)格政策。強化糧食(shi)主(zhu)產區利益補(bu)償、耕(geng)地(di)保護補(bu)償、生(sheng)(sheng)態補(bu)償、金融激勵等政策支持(chi)，構(gou)建(jian)標準(zhun)明(ming)確、激勵有效、約束有力的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)綠色(se)發展制度環境(jing)。

????推(tui)(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)科技創新(xin)(xin)與現(xian)有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經營(ying)體(ti)(ti)制創新(xin)(xin)深度融合(he)，支持發(fa)展(zhan)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)化(hua)、數字(zi)化(hua)、集(ji)成(cheng)化(hua)的新(xin)(xin)技術(shu)(shu)、新(xin)(xin)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、新(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)態。不斷(duan)強化(hua)主體(ti)(ti)帶動，支持綠(lv)(lv)色(se)生(sheng)產(chan)技術(shu)(shu)、裝備(bei)在家庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民合(he)作(zuo)社(she)等新(xin)(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經營(ying)主體(ti)(ti)中廣泛應(ying)用。建立健全促進現(xian)代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)園區、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強鎮、產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)群(qun)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)展(zhan)機制。支持聯農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)帶農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)平臺經濟做(zuo)強做(zuo)大，建設一(yi)二(er)三(san)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)聯動發(fa)展(zhan)的現(xian)代復合(he)型循環經濟產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)系。支持綠(lv)(lv)色(se)技術(shu)(shu)集(ji)成(cheng)創新(xin)(xin)，推(tui)(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)數字(zi)化(hua)、智能化(hua)與綠(lv)(lv)色(se)化(hua)改造(zao)，組裝集(ji)成(cheng)一(yi)批適宜不同品種、不同區域的綠(lv)(lv)色(se)技術(shu)(shu)，建立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)展(zhan)技術(shu)(shu)體(ti)(ti)系。加快綠(lv)(lv)色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)機裝備(bei)研發(fa)制造(zao)推(tui)(tui)廣。集(ji)聚科研院(yuan)校、涉農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、社(she)會團體(ti)(ti)等各類創新(xin)(xin)主體(ti)(ti)力量，開展(zhan)產(chan)學(xue)研企(qi)聯合(he)攻關，加快突破農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)展(zhan)技術(shu)(shu)瓶頸。科學(xue)規劃建設一(yi)批國(guo)家農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)展(zhan)長(chang)期固定(ding)觀測(ce)試(shi)驗站，夯實(shi)服務國(guo)家和地(di)方農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)低碳(tan)轉(zhuan)型的要(yao)素支撐(cheng)基礎。

????以(yi)建設農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發展(zhan)及(ji)(ji)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)技術標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)為支(zhi)撐，構建精準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)高效的支(zhi)持(chi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發展(zhan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。堅持(chi)分類指導、因地制(zhi)宜，推(tui)動(dong)制(zhi)定農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)化(hua)、數字化(hua)分級分類標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)及(ji)(ji)園區標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、企業(ye)(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等，培育一(yi)批各類農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)組織(zhi)的標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)“領跑者(zhe)”。實施農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)提升計(ji)劃，推(tui)動(dong)新型農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)經營主體(ti)(ti)按標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)生(sheng)產，發揮示范推(tui)廣作用，帶動(dong)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)規(gui)模化(hua)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)產。依托標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)和監測體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，建立、完善并精準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)執行農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)資源(yuan)環境保護政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)、生(sheng)態保護補(bu)償機制(zhi)、多渠道(dao)投(tou)入機制(zhi)。加大公共財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)對(dui)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發展(zhan)支(zhi)持(chi)力度(du)，完善以(yi)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)生(sheng)態為導向的農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)補(bu)貼(tie)制(zhi)度(du)，創新綠(lv)(lv)色(se)金融政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)，豐富完善信貸、保險、基金等綠(lv)(lv)色(se)金融產品(pin)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，引導社會投(tou)入。

????堅(jian)持(chi)政府(fu)引(yin)導(dao)、市場(chang)主導(dao)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)主體，支持(chi)形成(cheng)“政府(fu)—市場(chang)—農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)”協力推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發展(zhan)的(de)高效機(ji)制(zhi)。以改革創新為動力，建(jian)立各級(ji)黨委政府(fu)促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發展(zhan)的(de)目標責任(ren)、考核制(zhi)度、獎懲機(ji)制(zhi)，強(qiang)化制(zhi)度約束(shu)，完(wan)善市場(chang)機(ji)制(zhi)，引(yin)導(dao)社(she)會參與。完(wan)善法律法規約束(shu)機(ji)制(zhi)。培(pei)育新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經營(ying)主體，支持(chi)發展(zhan)家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)合作社(she)，培(pei)育農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)產業(ye)化聯(lian)合體。支持(chi)新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經營(ying)主體帶動普(pu)通農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶發展(zhan)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)種養，提供專業(ye)化全程(cheng)化綠(lv)(lv)色(se)技術服(fu)務(wu)。加強(qiang)國家(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發展(zhan)先行區建(jian)設，努力形成(cheng)全社(she)會群策(ce)群力、協同推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發展(zhan)的(de)新格局。

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