作者：魏后(hou)凱（中(zhong)國社會(hui)科學院(yuan)習(xi)近平新(xin)時代中(zhong)國特色社會(hui)主義思想研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)心特約研(yan)究(jiu)員、堅持加快農村發展研(yan)究(jiu)所所長）

　　習近平總書記強調，城鄉“堅持農業農村優先發展，融合堅持城鄉融合發展”“有力有效推進鄉村全面振興，發展以加快農業農村現代化更好推進中國式現代化建設”。推進習近平總書記的農業農村重要指示是做好新(xin)時(shi)代(dai)新(xin)征程(cheng)“三(san)農”工作(zuo)的根本遵循和行動指南。以中國式現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)全(quan)面推(tui)進(jin)強國建設、現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)民族(zu)復興偉業，堅持加快(kuai)必須(xu)加快(kuai)農業農村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)步伐，城(cheng)鄉(xiang)協同推(tui)進(jin)農業現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)、融合農村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)、發(fa)展(zhan)農民現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)和城(cheng)鄉(xiang)融合發(fa)展(zhan)，推(tui)進(jin)全(quan)面實現(xian)(xian)(xian)農業強、農業農村(cun)(cun)農村(cun)(cun)美(mei)、現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)農民富。堅持加快(kuai)

　　一

　　現代化是一個由傳統向現代多層次、全方位轉變的長期過程，實現現代化是世界各國共同追求的目標。各國因發展階段和基本國情不同，大都從自身實際出發選擇合適的現代化道路和模式。作為擁有14億多人口的發展中國家，社會主義中國的現代化建設在世界上沒有先例可循，也不可能照搬任何發達國家的模式，必須立足自身國情探索中國特色的現代化道路。中國共產黨領導的中國式現代化，是人口規模巨大、全體人民共同富裕、物質文明和精神文明相協調、人(ren)與自然和(he)諧共生、走和(he)平發(fa)展道路的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)，它是現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)共同特(te)征(zheng)和(he)中(zhong)國特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)有(you)機統(tong)一，是對中(zhong)國特(te)色社會(hui)主義現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)道路的(de)(de)(de)科學概括，不(bu)僅豐富和(he)發(fa)展了(le)世界現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)理(li)論，而且拓寬了(le)發(fa)展中(zhong)國家(jia)走向現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)途徑(jing)。

　　習近平總書記強調，“沒有農業農村現代化，就沒有整個國家現代化”。農業是國民經濟的基礎，糧食安全是國家安全的基石，農村穩定是社會穩定的根本，鄉村振興是民族復興的關鍵，農民富裕是國家富強的重要體現。無論任何時候，農業農村農民問題都是關系國計民生的根本性問題，是事關全局的重大戰略問題。在推進中國式現代化過程中，從根本上解決好“三農”問題，關鍵在于推進鄉村全面振興，加快農業農村現代化。農業農村現代化是中國式現代化的重要基礎，基礎不牢則大廈不穩，建好、建牢、建美中國式現代化這座宏偉大廈，必須把農業農村現代化放在更加突出的重要位置(zhi)，堅持不懈夯實農業(ye)農村基礎。可以說，農業(ye)農村現(xian)代化的進(jin)程直接關系到(dao)中(zhong)國式現(xian)代化的進(jin)度(du)、質量(liang)和成色(se)。

　　農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)我國(guo)(guo)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)突(tu)出(chu)(chu)短板。從領域看，我國(guo)(guo)糧食供(gong)需長期(qi)處于緊(jin)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)供(gong)給側(ce)結構(gou)性(xing)矛盾(dun)凸顯，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)技含量、勞動(dong)生產(chan)率、土地(di)產(chan)出(chu)(chu)率和(he)資源(yuan)利(li)用率不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)高，國(guo)(guo)際競爭力不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)強(qiang)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)仍是(shi)“四化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)”的(de)(de)短腿(tui)；城鄉(xiang)發(fa)展不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)、鄉(xiang)村(cun)發(fa)展不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)充分問(wen)題突(tu)出(chu)(chu)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)基礎(chu)設施(shi)和(he)公(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)相對薄弱(ruo)(ruo)，鄉(xiang)村(cun)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展、鄉(xiang)村(cun)建(jian)(jian)設和(he)鄉(xiang)村(cun)治(zhi)理水平(ping)有待進一步(bu)提升(sheng)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成為我國(guo)(guo)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)薄弱(ruo)(ruo)環節；農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)生活水平(ping)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高，增收壓(ya)力大，科(ke)學(xue)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)素質有待進一步(bu)提升(sheng)，加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)任務(wu)艱巨。從內容看，相較于工業(ye)、城市(shi)和(he)市(shi)民(min)，無論物的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)還(huan)是(shi)人的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，抑(yi)或是(shi)公(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)和(he)治(zhi)理現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)都(dou)處于相對滯后的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況。如果不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡快補齊這一短板，必將影響中國(guo)(guo)式現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)進程和(he)分兩(liang)步(bu)走全(quan)面(mian)建(jian)(jian)成社會主義現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)戰略目標(biao)的(de)(de)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)。

　　當(dang)前(qian)，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)已進(jin)(jin)入(ru)以中國(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)全面推(tui)進(jin)(jin)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建設(she)、民(min)族復興偉業(ye)的新征(zheng)程。加快(kuai)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)，必須補齊短板(ban)、增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)薄弱環節，加快(kuai)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)，促進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村共同(tong)富(fu)裕。作為(wei)固(gu)底板(ban)、補短板(ban)的關鍵舉措，加快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)將有力推(tui)動中國(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)向更高水(shui)平、更高質量邁進(jin)(jin)，不斷(duan)增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)式(shi)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)建設(she)的整體(ti)性(xing)(xing)、系統性(xing)(xing)和協同(tong)性(xing)(xing)，確保到2035年基本實(shi)現(xian)社會主義(yi)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)，到21世紀中葉全面建成社會主義(yi)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。

　　二

　　中(zhong)(zhong)國式現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)物的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、人的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、公共服(fu)務和(he)(he)治理現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)綜合(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)則是(shi)城鄉(xiang)融合(he)(he)背(bei)景下農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)相互交融的(de)(de)有機整體(ti)(ti)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)從(cong)產業(ye)角(jiao)(jiao)度界定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)，表現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)全(quan)產業(ye)鏈各(ge)環節及相關領域的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，內含了農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)部分要素(su)；農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)從(cong)地域角(jiao)(jiao)度界定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)，表現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經濟、文化(hua)(hua)(hua)、社會、生態等各(ge)領域的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，包含了農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要內容；農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)體(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)發展中(zhong)(zhong)堅(jian)持追求人的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，既是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)必(bi)要條件，又是(shi)其(qi)最終目的(de)(de)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)三者(zhe)相互影響(xiang)、相互交融，城鄉(xiang)融合(he)(he)則把三者(zhe)串(chuan)聯成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)一個(ge)有機整體(ti)(ti)，為(wei)(wei)三者(zhe)的(de)(de)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)提供體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)保障。應該看到，農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)并非(fei)局限于農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)，如農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)研、教育等主(zhu)要集中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)城市(shi)，廣義上的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)也(ye)包括(kuo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移人口的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。

　　20世(shi)紀(ji)50年(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)我國(guo)就提出(chu)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)的(de)目標任務，并(bing)(bing)把它列為“四(si)個現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)”的(de)內容之一(yi)。新(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)成(cheng)立后(hou)相當長一(yi)段(duan)(duan)時間，政府政策(ce)和(he)學(xue)界(jie)研(yan)究的(de)著眼點都聚焦在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)上(shang)，改(gai)革開放(fang)后(hou)，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)和(he)農(nong)(nong)民現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)逐(zhu)漸引起(qi)廣泛關注。在(zai)(zai)國(guo)家政策(ce)層(ceng)面，2005年(nian)中(zhong)央決定推(tui)進(jin)(jin)社(she)會主義(yi)新(xin)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)建設(she)，明(ming)確提出(chu)“加快農(nong)(nong)村(cun)全面小康和(he)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)建設(she)步伐”，把農(nong)(nong)村(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)提上(shang)重要日程；2016年(nian)中(zhong)央一(yi)號(hao)文件提出(chu)“農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)”；黨的(de)十九大(da)報告明(ming)確提出(chu)實施鄉村(cun)振(zhen)興戰(zhan)略，加快推(tui)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)，并(bing)(bing)提出(chu)“城(cheng)鄉融(rong)合發展”。當前，在(zai)(zai)全面推(tui)進(jin)(jin)中(zhong)國(guo)式現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)的(de)新(xin)征程中(zhong)，隨著發展階段(duan)(duan)變(bian)化(hua)和(he)鄉村(cun)全面振(zhen)興的(de)展開，我國(guo)已(yi)具備了協同推(tui)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)的(de)基(ji)本條(tiao)件。

　　加快(kuai)推進農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，不(bu)僅需要農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、農(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)農(nong)民(min)(min)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)整體(ti)設(she)(she)計、協(xie)同(tong)推進，而且需要將城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)融(rong)合(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展理念貫(guan)穿農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)各(ge)領域和(he)(he)(he)全(quan)過(guo)程，注重(zhong)整體(ti)性、協(xie)同(tong)性和(he)(he)(he)政策取(qu)向一(yi)致性，在(zai)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)融(rong)合(he)(he)背景(jing)下實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、農(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)農(nong)民(min)(min)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)更(geng)高水平、更(geng)高質(zhi)量、更(geng)高效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)協(xie)調(diao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。可(ke)以說，協(xie)同(tong)推進是關系農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成敗的(de)關鍵舉措。在(zai)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方面，協(xie)同(tong)推進表現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為以實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強為目(mu)標，守牢國家糧食安全(quan)底線(xian)，著(zhu)(zhu)力(li)轉變農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展方式，提高農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)率(lv)和(he)(he)(he)競爭力(li)，使農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)成為現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)大產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；在(zai)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方面，協(xie)同(tong)推進表現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為以實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)美為目(mu)標，聚焦(jiao)(jiao)宜居宜業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)美鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)，著(zhu)(zhu)力(li)改善(shan)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)人居環境、基礎設(she)(she)施和(he)(he)(he)公(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)，推進農(nong)村(cun)(cun)住(zhu)房革命，提高鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展、鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)建(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)(he)(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村(cun)(cun)治理水平，使農(nong)村(cun)(cun)具備(bei)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)生產(chan)生活條件；在(zai)農(nong)民(min)(min)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方面，協(xie)同(tong)推進表現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為以實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)民(min)(min)富為目(mu)標，聚焦(jiao)(jiao)農(nong)民(min)(min)全(quan)面發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，著(zhu)(zhu)力(li)增強農(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)主體(ti)性，全(quan)面提升農(nong)民(min)(min)綜合(he)(he)素質(zhi)，促進農(nong)民(min)(min)收入(ru)(ru)和(he)(he)(he)生活水平不(bu)斷提高；在(zai)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)融(rong)合(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展方面，協(xie)同(tong)推進表現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為以縣域為切入(ru)(ru)點，著(zhu)(zhu)力(li)破除(chu)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)二元結構(gou)，推動城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)要素自由(you)流動和(he)(he)(he)均(jun)衡配置，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)共(gong)建(jian)共(gong)享共(gong)榮。

　　三

　　農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)是實施(shi)鄉村振(zhen)興戰(zhan)略(lve)的(de)總目標(biao)。黨(dang)的(de)十(shi)九大以來，我國鄉村振(zhen)興戰(zhan)略(lve)扎實全面推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)，順利完成了第一階段和(he)(he)(he)首個五年規(gui)劃(hua)的(de)目標(biao)任務(wu)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)鄉融合(he)發展均取(qu)得顯著成效。根據相關統計數據分析(xi)，對(dui)標(biao)2035年基(ji)本實現(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)要求，我國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)實現(xian)(xian)程度(du)最高，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)鄉融合(he)發展的(de)實現(xian)(xian)程度(du)居中，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)實現(xian)(xian)程度(du)距(ju)離(li)2035年目標(biao)差(cha)距(ju)最大。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)是一項巨大的(de)系統工程，需(xu)要統籌(chou)規(gui)劃(hua)、協(xie)同推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)水平(ping)滯后會(hui)制約(yue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)順利推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)和(he)(he)(he)質量提升。

　　堅持以(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)本，追求(qiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面發(fa)展(zhan)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)，這是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)式現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)本質要(yao)求(qiu)。加快推進(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)，絕不能“見(jian)物不見(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”，只重視農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)物的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)，而忽視廣(guang)大農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)。沒有農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)就難(nan)以(yi)真正全(quan)面實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，其進(jin)(jin)(jin)程、質量和成(cheng)(cheng)色都(dou)會受(shou)到嚴(yan)重影響(xiang)。必須把推進(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)放在更加突出的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)位置(zhi)，在城鄉融(rong)合背景下促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)與農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)協(xie)調(diao)發(fa)展(zhan)，這是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特色社(she)會主義的(de)(de)(de)必然要(yao)求(qiu)，也(ye)是(shi)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)式現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)和實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)共同(tong)富(fu)裕(yu)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)途徑。加快推進(jin)(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)應從(cong)廣(guang)義上理解，既要(yao)加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)居民(min)尤其是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)，使他(ta)們能夠就地(di)在村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)過(guo)上現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)，也(ye)要(yao)加快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)轉移(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)市(shi)民(min)化(hua)，使其真正全(quan)面融(rong)入(ru)城市(shi)，共享現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)果。2022年，我國(guo)(guo)城鎮常住人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)中(zhong)(zhong)有2.47億農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)戶籍(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)，這些農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)轉移(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)大多未完全(quan)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市(shi)民(min)化(hua)。

　　農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)是(shi)推進鄉村全面振興和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的核(he)(he)心主體。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)體現(xian)(xian)了中(zhong)國(guo)式現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的本質要求，是(shi)實現(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的基礎(chu)和前提(ti)。新形勢下加(jia)(jia)快推進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，應加(jia)(jia)快農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)的觀(guan)念轉型(xing)，著(zhu)力培育和踐行社會主義核(he)(he)心價值觀(guan)，促(cu)進其實現(xian)(xian)觀(guan)念意識的現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)；大力發展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村教育、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，促(cu)進鄉風(feng)文(wen)明建設，不斷(duan)提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)綜合(he)素養、文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)素質和健康(kang)保障(zhang)水平；切實加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主體性建設，保障(zhang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)各項合(he)法權(quan)益，積極培育新型(xing)職(zhi)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)，促(cu)使(shi)更多農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)向專業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、知(zhi)識化(hua)(hua)(hua)、職(zhi)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)轉型(xing)；加(jia)(jia)快轉變農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)活(huo)方式，不斷(duan)豐富農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)精(jing)神文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)活(huo)，實現(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)活(huo)方式的現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。

　　從農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業強、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)美、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)富(fu)的(de)角度(du)看，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)首先表現(xian)(xian)為實現(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)富(fu)的(de)過程，其核(he)心(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不斷(duan)提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收(shou)入和生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水平。目前(qian)，我國城(cheng)(cheng)鄉居(ju)民(min)(min)收(shou)入和生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水平差距仍(reng)然較(jiao)大(da)，全(quan)(quan)國低收(shou)入群體(ti)主要集中在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)地區。因(yin)此(ci)，如何采取更(geng)加(jia)有(you)力(li)有(you)效的(de)政策(ce)(ce)措(cuo)施，促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)持(chi)續(xu)穩(wen)定增收(shou)，不斷(duan)提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水平，讓億萬農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)同步(bu)(bu)過上現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)，實現(xian)(xian)共同富(fu)裕(yu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)“三農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”工(gong)作(zuo)重心(xin)所在。新(xin)時期促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)共同富(fu)裕(yu)關鍵在于減(jian)人(ren)、增收(shou)和幫(bang)扶。“減(jian)人(ren)”不是(shi)(shi)(shi)減(jian)少人(ren)口出生(sheng)(sheng)總量，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)依靠新(xin)型城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)，充分發(fa)揮城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)帶動鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)發(fa)展的(de)積極作(zuo)用，推(tui)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)人(ren)口和剩(sheng)余勞動力(li)向城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)轉移，為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業適(shi)度(du)規模經營和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)持(chi)續(xu)穩(wen)定增收(shou)創造條(tiao)件；“增收(shou)”就是(shi)(shi)(shi)依靠鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)全(quan)(quan)面振興，激發(fa)鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)內生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)力(li)，建立各具特色、有(you)核(he)心(xin)競爭力(li)的(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)鄉村(cun)(cun)(cun)產(chan)業體(ti)系(xi)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)導向型的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)穩(wen)定增收(shou)機制，全(quan)(quan)方位多渠道增加(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收(shou)入；“幫(bang)扶”就是(shi)(shi)(shi)持(chi)續(xu)加(jia)大(da)對(dui)“三農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”的(de)政策(ce)(ce)支持(chi)力(li)度(du)，著力(li)提升農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)低收(shou)入家庭收(shou)入，不斷(duan)擴(kuo)大(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)中等收(shou)入群體(ti)規模，使廣大(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)同步(bu)(bu)實現(xian)(xian)共同富(fu)裕(yu)。

　　《日報》（2024年(nian)02月27日?11版）