【畫說風物】

　　作者：廖開(kai)明（美術學者、文化(hua)舞龍畫家(jia)）

　　童年時，周末我在老家重慶，龍鄉春節、慶龍端午節時耍龍燈、文化舞龍劃龍船最令我神往。周末百姓彩票大廳長大后，龍(long)鄉我(wo)在畫(hua)里曾(ceng)多(duo)次畫(hua)龍(long)。慶龍(long)

古城龍鄉喜迎(ying)龍年?廖開明(ming)?資(zi)料(liao)圖(tu)片

　　今年喜逢龍年，文化舞龍而重慶銅梁是周末全國著名的龍燈龍舞之鄉。銅梁龍燈彩扎入選國家級非遺名錄。龍鄉銅梁龍燈曾4次晉京，慶龍快3百姓彩票參加國慶盛典上天安門廣場(chang)的文化舞龍(long)舞龍(long)表演。于是周末我(wo)就畫了這(zhe)幅《古城龍(long)鄉喜(xi)迎龍(long)年》。

　　傳說龍能行云布雨，龍鄉消災降福，象征祥瑞，所以民間多以舞龍的方式來祈求平安和豐收。銅梁龍燈盛于明清。當時，在四川等地就流行著這樣的民諺：“大足的菩薩（石刻）銅梁的龍（燈）。”清代的《銅梁縣志》濃墨重彩地記敘了一年一度的銅梁龍燈會：“上元張燈火，自初八九至十五日，百姓彩票首頁輝煌達旦，扮演龍燈獅(shi)燈及其(qi)他雜劇，喧(xuan)闐街市，有月逐人(ren)、塵隨馬之觀。”

　　20世紀80年代(dai)后，銅(tong)梁(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)燈(deng)(deng)逐漸聞名海外。銅(tong)梁(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)燈(deng)(deng)既指彩扎(zha)的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)燈(deng)(deng)，又指以龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)燈(deng)(deng)為道具的舞(wu)蹈。銅(tong)梁(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)燈(deng)(deng)發展(zhan)經過(guo)了火(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、正龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、肉(rou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)三個階(jie)段。早(zao)期(qi)的火(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)用繩索、竹簍(lou)連(lian)接頭尾，舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)時(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)身(shen)施放煙(yan)火(huo)，氣氛(fen)熱烈，場(chang)面活躍(yue)。但(dan)火(huo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)有軀(qu)無(wu)肉(rou)，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)形象欠佳(jia)。中期(qi)的正龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)頭大(da)頸(jing)長(chang)，以簍(lou)作節(jie)，節(jie)內(nei)點燈(deng)(deng)以代(dai)煙(yan)火(huo)，舞(wu)玩時(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)首高昂，燈(deng)(deng)火(huo)蜿蜒，景象十分壯觀(guan)。但(dan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)體態不全(quan)，身(shen)軀(qu)仍少(shao)真實感。最后形成的肉(rou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，以彩繪紙粘貼龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)身(shen)，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)體完(wan)整(zheng)，有骨有“肉(rou)”。舞(wu)玩時(shi)頭尾擺動(dong)靈(ling)活，軀(qu)體伸縮自如(ru)，內(nei)部盞(zhan)盞(zhan)燈(deng)(deng)火(huo)映照出(chu)金甲赤脊(ji)的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)身(shen)，熠熠生輝，美觀(guan)動(dong)人。由于肉(rou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)體態長(chang)大(da)，舞(wu)玩時(shi)形如(ru)蠕動(dong)，故又稱“蠕龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”。

　　銅(tong)梁龍(long)燈(deng)造型夸張，制作(zuo)裝飾(shi)上集國畫、素描、剪紙(zhi)、刺繡等技巧于一體(ti)，并參(can)考(kao)戲劇臉(lian)譜手法。舞龍(long)操作(zuo)引入機(ji)械原理，有手搖、發(fa)條(tiao)、電動(dong)等方(fang)式(shi)。龍(long)騰躍(yue)翻卷(juan)靈(ling)動(dong)瀟灑。

　　銅梁龍燈的伴(ban)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)音(yin)樂(le)有著濃(nong)郁的巴渝(yu)地(di)方特(te)色(se)，主要(yao)伴(ban)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)樂(le)器有川大鑼(luo)、川大缽(bo)、川堂鼓、川嗩吶(na)等民間(jian)吹打(da)樂(le)器。以(yi)川味鑼(luo)鼓伴(ban)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)，先聲(sheng)奪人，別具一格，增添了濃(nong)郁的地(di)方特(te)色(se)。所用的曲牌音(yin)樂(le)激(ji)烈火爆，有強烈的藝(yi)術感染力(li)。同(tong)時，由于伴(ban)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)音(yin)樂(le)是(shi)現場(chang)套(tao)打(da)，可根據龍舞動時的情節變化(hua)緊密地(di)加以(yi)配合，因此(ci)能夠絲絲入扣。打(da)擊(ji)樂(le)與嗩吶(na)套(tao)打(da)演(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)(zou)，或急(ji)或徐，或揚或抑，時而(er)優美舒緩，時而(er)高(gao)昂激(ji)越(yue)，使人興(xing)味無窮。

　　在(zai)《古城龍(long)(long)鄉喜迎(ying)龍(long)(long)年》中(zhong)，有(you)各式飛檐的(de)古建和青瓦白墻(qiang)木梁的(de)民居，房(fang)前屋(wu)后(hou)綠樹環抱，形成(cheng)了舞龍(long)(long)活(huo)動的(de)背景。舞龍(long)(long)吸引著八方游客(ke)，甚至還(huan)有(you)遠(yuan)道而來的(de)外國(guo)賓客(ke)。他們(men)舉(ju)起手機(ji)、相機(ji)，拍下珍貴的(de)瞬間。在(zai)圍觀的(de)人群中(zhong)，還(huan)有(you)孩童(tong)手捧龍(long)(long)造型的(de)吉祥物。畫面兩(liang)側(ce)，6位手持(chi)禮花(hua)(hua)筒的(de)青年，正(zheng)在(zai)放禮花(hua)(hua)，增強了舞龍(long)(long)的(de)歡樂氣(qi)氛。

　　《日報(bao)》（2024年02月09日?16版(ban)）