【觀察與思考】

　　作者：黃少安（山東大學經濟研(yan)究院(yuan)講席教授）

　　在現代經濟體系中，何做好金金融的融篇重要性不言而喻。2023年10月召開的大文中央金融工作會議提出加快建設金融強國，做好科技金融、何做好金綠色金融、融篇普惠金融、大文百姓彩票怎么買養老金(jin)融、何做好金(jin)數字金(jin)融五篇大(da)文章，融篇這一部署對(dui)實現我國金(jin)融現代化和(he)整個產業體系的大(da)文現代化都至關重要(yao)。

　　做好金融五篇大文章，何做好金獲得金融發展新優勢

　　金融業發展到現代，融篇已成為一個具有一定獨立性的大文經濟運行體系，不僅有完整的何做好金產業體系或產業鏈，還有一整套監管體系，融篇一個國家絕大多數的大文金融資源是靠金融市場來驅動和配置的，其他資源的配置也需要通過金融體系進行驅動。國際經濟關系和國際間的資源配置，在很大程度上也以金融體系作為紐帶。因此，百姓彩票網可以把金融(rong)體系視為國內(nei)經濟循(xun)環(huan)和國際(ji)經濟循(xun)環(huan)的重要樞紐。

　　我國強調做好金融五篇大文章，是基于金融的發展趨勢做出的重要戰略安排，有助于走好中國特色金融發展之路，形成經濟金融領域的競爭優勢。與傳統的金融業務相比較，金融五篇大文章一定意義上是金融的“新”文章，把握住了金融現代化的正確方向。在金融實踐中，做好這五篇大文章，金融產品和服務、金融技術手段和業務流程、金融業態和金融體制等各個方面，都需要進行相應的創新，力求在金融業新的增長路徑或新的領域里走在前列，獲得金融發展的新優勢，并采用新的金融理念、金融技術、百姓彩票紅金融規則來改造提(ti)升傳統金融業，爭取邁上國際(ji)產業鏈和(he)價值鏈的高端。

　　以數字技術做支撐，實現“兩條腿走路”

　　科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、綠(lv)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、養老金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、普(pu)惠金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)和數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)作為當前金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)業務(wu)(wu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)代(dai)表性領域，既各自有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)獨立性，又是(shi)密切(qie)聯(lian)系和相互(hu)促(cu)進的(de)(de)(de)，而且都離不開數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)撐。科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，強(qiang)調(diao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資源(yuan)配置的(de)(de)(de)方向是(shi)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產業和科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創新活動；綠(lv)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，強(qiang)調(diao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)配置向綠(lv)色產業傾斜；養老金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，強(qiang)調(diao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)更(geng)(geng)好地服(fu)務(wu)(wu)于(yu)老齡群(qun)體(ti)，用現代(dai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)手段(duan)管好用好各類(lei)“養老錢”；普(pu)惠金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，強(qiang)調(diao)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)配置傾向于(yu)支(zhi)持中小微企業和普(pu)通居民生產，促(cu)進共同富(fu)裕；數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，是(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)與(yu)(yu)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)合，具(ju)有(you)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)與(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)雙重(zhong)(zhong)屬性。無論數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，還是(shi)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、綠(lv)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、養老金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、普(pu)惠金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，都必須注重(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)揮好數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)撐和促(cu)進作用。比如(ru)，在(zai)(zai)傳(chuan)統金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)體(ti)系中，金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)機(ji)構開展(zhan)(zhan)普(pu)惠金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)受到規模經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)限制，但在(zai)(zai)互(hu)聯(lian)網、大數(shu)據和其他金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)持下，普(pu)惠金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)有(you)了更(geng)(geng)大可(ke)能，可(ke)以(yi)更(geng)(geng)低成本(ben)在(zai)(zai)更(geng)(geng)廣(guang)范圍開展(zhan)(zhan)相關金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)業務(wu)(wu)。另外，發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)與(yu)(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、綠(lv)色金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)在(zai)(zai)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)層(ceng)面有(you)很多內(nei)容是(shi)相通的(de)(de)(de)，可(ke)以(yi)實現技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)共享，提升金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)效率(lv)。

　　金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)五篇大(da)文(wen)章(zhang)(zhang)是從不同(tong)維度提(ti)出的，相互之間密切(qie)聯系(xi)，可以(yi)用(yong)數(shu)(shu)字技術予以(yi)統(tong)領，但需要(yao)眾(zhong)多(duo)部門協同(tong)合作(zuo)才能把五篇大(da)文(wen)章(zhang)(zhang)做好。注重以(yi)數(shu)(shu)字技術支(zhi)撐金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)五篇大(da)文(wen)章(zhang)(zhang)的發(fa)展，需要(yao)實現“兩條腿走路”：一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，鼓(gu)勵和(he)規范數(shu)(shu)字化(hua)的金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)機(ji)構和(he)相應的金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)業(ye)(ye)務發(fa)展，讓其形成新的金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)企業(ye)(ye)和(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)產業(ye)(ye)，即數(shu)(shu)字金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)業(ye)(ye)；另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)，根(gen)據實際需要(yao)和(he)運用(yong)能力，以(yi)提(ti)高效率為宗(zong)旨(zhi)，用(yong)合適的數(shu)(shu)字化(hua)技術改造提(ti)升傳統(tong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)業(ye)(ye)，即金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融(rong)數(shu)(shu)字化(hua)。

　　重在更好地服務于實體經濟，避免“脫實向虛”

　　中國(guo)是(shi)一個人口大(da)(da)國(guo)，14億多(duo)人口的(de)衣食(shi)住行必(bi)須有基礎(chu)厚實(shi)(shi)和強大(da)(da)的(de)實(shi)(shi)體經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)做支撐。中國(guo)有體系(xi)完備的(de)制造業(ye)、世界(jie)規(gui)模最大(da)(da)的(de)農(nong)業(ye)等，是(shi)一個名副(fu)其實(shi)(shi)的(de)實(shi)(shi)體經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)大(da)(da)國(guo)。但是(shi)，我國(guo)實(shi)(shi)體經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)還(huan)需要提高效率、提高質量。金(jin)融(rong)業(ye)作為現代(dai)服務業(ye)的(de)主體和核心，為實(shi)(shi)體經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)提供金(jin)融(rong)服務是(shi)其根(gen)本。實(shi)(shi)體經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)更高質量發展(zhan)，離(li)不開金(jin)融(rong)的(de)更好發展(zhan)。

　　同(tong)時，金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)業(ye)又是一個特(te)殊行業(ye)，有(you)(you)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)規律，一定條件下(xia)有(you)(you)可能在(zai)一定限度內脫(tuo)離實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)而自(zi)我發展(zhan)(zhan)。為(wei)避(bi)免金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)業(ye)“脫(tuo)實(shi)(shi)向(xiang)虛”，對(dui)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效科學規制是非(fei)常必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。做好金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)五(wu)篇大文章(zhang)，必(bi)須把服(fu)務實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根本理念(nian)和發展(zhan)(zhan)方向(xiang)。中國作(zuo)為(wei)實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)大國，金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)更好地服(fu)務于實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)著(zhu)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場空間和發展(zhan)(zhan)潛力。當前，轉變經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)增長方式、提高經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵是創(chuang)(chuang)新，包括技(ji)術創(chuang)(chuang)新、制度創(chuang)(chuang)新和觀念(nian)創(chuang)(chuang)新，這(zhe)些(xie)都需要(yao)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支持(chi)。因(yin)此(ci)，科技(ji)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)、綠色金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)、普(pu)惠金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)、養老金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)、數字金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)都應圍(wei)繞更好地服(fu)務于實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術創(chuang)(chuang)新、體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)制創(chuang)(chuang)新、業(ye)態創(chuang)(chuang)新而發展(zhan)(zhan)，并時刻防止(zhi)偏離“金(jin)(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)服(fu)務實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)軌道。

　　發揮好政府和市場的作用，做到“既活又穩”

　　習近平總(zong)書記指出，“金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)活(huo)，經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)活(huo)；金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)穩(wen)(wen)，經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)穩(wen)(wen)”。金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)現代(dai)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)，開展(zhan)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)既需要(yao)(yao)通過(guo)創新促進其(qi)發(fa)展(zhan)活(huo)力，更需要(yao)(yao)科(ke)(ke)學有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)監管規(gui)(gui)范其(qi)發(fa)展(zhan)，防(fang)范和(he)化解各類金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)風險。科(ke)(ke)技(ji)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、綠色金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、普惠(hui)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、養老(lao)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、數字金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)都如(ru)此(ci)，一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)需要(yao)(yao)通過(guo)高(gao)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)人才和(he)高(gao)新技(ji)術(shu)、管理模式加(jia)強創新，另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)必須加(jia)強監管。如(ru)果只(zhi)強調激發(fa)活(huo)力，不注重科(ke)(ke)學監管，“活(huo)力”就可能(neng)演變出“亂(luan)象”。為了實現“活(huo)而不亂(luan)”“既活(huo)又穩(wen)(wen)”，就必須發(fa)揮(hui)好政(zheng)府(fu)和(he)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)兩方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)協同作(zuo)用。既要(yao)(yao)依靠市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)優化配置金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)資源，又要(yao)(yao)依靠政(zheng)府(fu)規(gui)(gui)制(zhi)來規(gui)(gui)范和(he)引導金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。政(zheng)府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)體現在兩個方面(mian)：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)給市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)“立(li)規(gui)(gui)矩”，即制(zhi)定系統的(de)(de)(de)、相互(hu)協同的(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)法規(gui)(gui)。針對新的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)形式和(he)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)，既要(yao)(yao)激勵又要(yao)(yao)約束，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)做(zuo)到（法律(lv)法規(gui)(gui)）制(zhi)度先(xian)行、先(xian)立(li)后(hou)破，法律(lv)法規(gui)(gui)必須具有(you)權(quan)威性(xing)(xing)、常態(tai)性(xing)(xing)。二是(shi)(shi)嚴格地、一(yi)(yi)視同仁地、常態(tai)化地執法，讓所有(you)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體“守規(gui)(gui)矩”常態(tai)化，如(ru)此(ci)才能(neng)讓他(ta)們有(you)持續的(de)(de)(de)信心(xin)和(he)穩(wen)(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)預(yu)期(qi)。總(zong)之，既要(yao)(yao)保障市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體有(you)動(dong)(dong)力、市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)有(you)活(huo)力，又要(yao)(yao)使(shi)得市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體“守規(gui)(gui)矩”、不越軌，政(zheng)府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用在于培育和(he)規(gui)(gui)范市(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)，立(li)法和(he)執法要(yao)(yao)到位但(dan)不能(neng)越位。

　　《日報》（2024年04月02日?11版）